Facts about Albert Namatjira This correct pathway became more emphatic from 1972. Kaapa also lived in Papunya and was a founder and leader of the Western Desert art movement. Keith was of the Hermannsburg Mission culture, lived part of his life in his mothers country of Papunya (albeit in the Missions distant area of influence), and lived and died in the town camp culture of Alice Springs. Art curator, Hetti Kemerre Perkins maintains that Albert Namatjira also provided a profound influence on the first generation of Papunya painters, who saw in his example a way out of the poverty cycle of fringe dweller existence (2004 p.15). The dots are apparently screening lower part of red outcrops, as least symbolically. Q fever sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet , the man who planned to kill off Asians with disease and destroy their foods crops sure was a very busy boy food As was his mate Sir Markus Oliphant if they were muslims or asians they would both have been hung as A gap in the low screen invites the viewer to contemplate a walk into the scene on a smooth orange-red earth area. Namatjira died in 1959 and the executors of his will resigned, handballing the estate to the office of the NT Public Trustee, which was then under Commonwealth administrative control. she visited her in hospital and told her the copyright had been returned. The evolution of Anzac Day from 1915 until today, Australian Geographic Society Expeditions, Ghost gums made famous by Albert Namatjira burn down, not extended to all Aboriginal people until 1967, Albert Namatjiras ghost gums burned down, 96-year-old wins top indigenous art award, Waterhouse art prize won by Aboriginal artist, Entries now open for the Australian Geographic Nature Photographer of the Year competition, Environmentalists, Conservationists and Scientists. This innovative painting celebrates Keiths capacity to adapt his style to impart the experience of this place. He had been crafting pokerwork designs on mulga plaques, coat hangers and boomerangs for some years, receiving the first payment for his art in 1932 (Hoorn 1999: pp.99, 102,103). Another press photograph published in 1958 shows Namatjira standing out in the open with white artist Leonard Long, again with Namatjira holding one of his watercolours in front of him (Jones 1986 p.19).4 These were undoubtedly not the first occasions Namatjira had posed for the camera and perhaps its indicative of the way he would have been asked many times to verify a paintings provenance, now a regular practice required of indigenous artists. Two appeals. Mr Smith, whose father once worked for Legend Press founder John Brackenreg, said he explained the possible outcomes of a court case to the company. The colour palette is of cobalt blue, lemon, pale crimson and black, with white of the tree trunks being unpainted paper. Keith was a respectful man and a realist. 1970-74 Born in 1951, Lenie started painting at the mission school and learnt to paint watching her father, uncles and cousins. As an Indigenous Australian artist working in the mid-20th century, he was widely known among non-Indigenous . For instance, a prestige showcase for art in Europe, the Muse du Quai Branly in Paris, last year officially opened its exhibition space to selected Australian aboriginal artists showing Aboriginal culture as vibrant and dynamic, ageless and contemporary.8 This might be said to be a long way down the track from the limits placed on Albert Namatjira in 1940 to restrict himself to fifty watercolours a year with prices . In 1986 Thomas wrote that she lay in an unmarked grave near Maisie in the Hermannsburg cemetery. Axel Poignant. Prominent lemon plain. Baptised and educated at the old Hermannsburg Mission, his paintings of the outback earned him widespread recognition. As a full-blood Aboriginal person, Namatjira was regarded as a ward of the state and only in 1957 were he and his wife Rubina granted Australian citizenship that permitted them to own property . Because his Australian citizenship granted him the right to buy alcohol, it was supposed he had supplied Iowa with alcohol. AEST = Australian Eastern Standard Time which is 10 hours ahead of GMT (Greenwich Mean Time), abc.net.au/news/kumantjai-lankin-albert-namatjira-relative-dies/9084234, Get breaking news alerts directly to your phone with our app, Image: Courtesy of Strehlow Research Centre, Help keep family & friends informed by sharing this article, 'We are not the same, that's why you do not understand': An interview with a mother accused of a terrible crime, 'I just sit here and chill now': Tasha used to hide in her tent when pedestrians passed by, Man shot dead outside martial arts gym in Sydney's west, 'At what point do you put people's lives at risk? Lilly was the daughter of George Tjangala (Register of Wards Hermannsburg 1957 p 25). Watercolour on paperboard Individual creation or possession of an art work is an alien concept to Australian indigenous people, while materialist Western society needs to know the author of a work so that its value can be commoditised as part of the market economy. After taking up painting aged 33, pioneering artist Albert Namatjira shaped indigenous Australian art forever. Finally he served just two months due to good behaviour but its said he suffered deep depression as hed hoped for a full remission of the sentence. It was around December 1950 that forgeries of Albert Namatjira's works began to appear in Melbourne and Adelaide, and the first article on forged Albert Namatjira's works in Adelaide appeared in the Sydney Morning Herald December 17, 1950, p.1 under the heading 'Forged copies of Namatjira'. 1. Gender: Male. From 1928 on, several radical women artists made excursions to the Centre. Albert Namatjira and his wife Ilkalita (who later changed her name to Rubina) had ten children, of which eight survived infancy. Perkins, Hetti 2004, Foreword, Papunya A Place Made After the Story Miegunyah Press (MUP) Melbourne . The late paintings include subdued, possibly downbeat, washes. Another artist, Arthur Murch, travelled twice to Hermannsburg in 1933. At least one of the leading Arnhem Land artists, Ginger Riley Mundiwalawala, as a young stockman had met Namatjira, the meeting said to be a turning point in the life of the artist-to-be (Kemerre Perkins 2004, p.15). Papunya was declared a prison for the purpose. 1986, Albert Namatjira The Life and Work of an Australian Painter Macmillan Melbourne. Maurice Namatjira, who was born in March 1939 immediately after Albert's first solo exhibition in Melbourne in December 1938, was only 19 years old when Kevin was born at Hermannsburg in December 1958. The newly-formed trust was set up to maintain Namatjira's artistic legacy after philanthropist Dick Smith brokered a deal between the family and the publishing company. In his glorious painting of 1959 he honoured his fathers achievement in his fathers style. Albert Namatjira is thought to have taken the photo; his eldest son, who sometimes went along on the painting trips, is thought to be the . The area in front is made luminous with the lemon dotted plain with crimson. Namatjira was convicted and sentenced to six month's hard labor. The two men were born just six years apart at the Hermannsburg Mission1, in the first years of the 20th century. He was raised on a mission in Hermannsburg. Judith Ryan, Senior Curator of Indigenous Art at the National Gallery of Victoria, says Albert won success in two hugely influential spheres: He had a huge effect on Aboriginal art, she says. In 1954 Namatjira was presented to Queen Elizabeth in Sydney and was the centre of press and social attention at an exhibition of his work at the Anthony Hordern Gallery. ISSN: 1325 8338. Rubina died in 1974 and is buried at Hermannsburg. . Mr Smith has confirmed that Legend Press received an undisclosed payment, which he described as "modest". His father, Namatjira, born near Ormiston Gorge, was a Paltara man, and his mother, Ljukuta, born near Palm Valley, was a Mbitjana woman. Alice Springs town camps had attractions for the Hermannsburg artists. Inspired by the idea that he could earn a living from painting Albert joined Rex four years later, aged of 33, on a trip through the Northern Territory, where Rex taught him the art of watercolour and encouraged him to develop his, now, very recognisable style, a combination of European and Aboriginal influences. Namatjira lost his will to paint. Christine was recently selected for a 2008 Asialink residency in India, following publication ofa biography, Jiddu Krishnamurti: World Philosopher. Keith flattened the picture plane to reduce the sense of distance, while adapting traditional practices of dotting to achieve affect in his non-Aboriginal audience. Many curators and institutions that dealt with Legend Press over the years complained that the copyright holders had not exercised their prerogative in a fair and judicious way, even accusing them of stifling Namatjira's legacy. But soon enough he was overlooked as a one-off wonder until an indigenous art movement was reborn at Papunya in the 1970s. His unique style of painting, however, was denounced soon after his death by some critics as being a product of his assimilation into western culture, rather than his own connection to his subject matter or his natural style. His vibrant use of colour, such as purples and reds, many Europeans viewed as an exaggeration. Kumantjai L Namatjira Lankin, the matriarch of the Namatjira family and a faithful exponent of the Hermannsburg watercolour style, has been hailed as "a tireless advocate" for the return of her grandfather's copyright. . He gave up painting and died in 1959, within four months of his release. The style of the black tree and the prominent clouds may have been influenced by Kaapa Tjampitjinpa, or vice versa. In 1949 and 1950 applications he made for a grazing lease were rejected and in 1951 he was even denied ownership of a house and land in Darwin on the grounds on his aboriginality overt racism dressed up as paternalism. This beautiful painting is slightly faded. 6.Centralian Advocate 14 August 1959. Namatjira's work often calls on Australia's colonial history, with recurring references to . Teague was so shocked by the drought conditions around Hermannsburg that she organised a charity art exhibition and about two thousand pounds was raised to construct a water scheme. Editor: Monique Rooney Email: ahr@anu.edu.au. Keith was camped with Lindsay Ebatarinja (Imbarndarinja), Gabriel Namatjira, Benjamin Landara Ebatarinja, who was married to his sister Maisie. Their three children, two boys and a girl were also baptised at this . Albert Namatjira, born on Hermannsburg Mission in 1902 of Aranda parents, became, in his lifetime, the most well-known and admired Aboriginal person in Australia. Jones, Jonah 1986 The Anniversary Exhibition Albert Namatjira The Life and Work of an Australian Painter Macmillan Melbourne. Benita Clements. At 31, he was the same age as Namatjira and although theres no published evidence of their meeting, Murch was very interested in the arts and crafts of the Mission community and is said to have shared his artistic activities with the Aboriginal people (Murch 1997: pp.51, 119). Though in his early career he painted a wide variety of subjects, he is best known for his watercolour Australian outback desert landscapes. Throughout the 1940s Namatjira became increasingly well-known, treated by the media as a figure of endearment and pride. Birthday: July 28, 1902 ( Leo) Born In: Hermannsburg 56 6 Artists #239 Artists & Painters #331 Quick Facts Australian Celebrities Born In July Died At Age: 57 Humanitarian Artists Died on: August 8, 1959 place of death: Alice Springs More Facts Recommended Lists: Australian Celebrities Australian Men Australian Artists Leo Artists & Painters Keith appears to have spent much of his time living in Papunya, which is in his mother Rubina Namatjiras familys country. Writer Colin Simpson had said something similar back in 1950: Albert Namatjira is a signpost on the road to a new understanding by us of the capacities of the aboriginal Australian.7 But Coombs went further. He was found guilty of breaking the prohibition laws and sentenced to three months of imprisonment. Theres something reminiscent of the King Billy brass plates that Aboriginal leaders in the nineteenth century wore as a badge of identification through assimilation obliging their European oppressors who could not pronounce or remember their indigenous names. It was then, after February 1972, that the incredible vitality of the Western Desert art became a veritable flood of brilliant paintings; the men in groups about the darkened, cave-like interior of the galvanised iron circle of a shed, singing and roaring out to their creations and attaining a confraternity of four tribes; forms irradiating into new forms, and conceptions of place and subject matters being set down definitively, technical problems with many of the Pintupi being overcome, and everywhere in the room completed and uncompleted paintings of immense accomplishment. (Bardon 2004 p.29). Strehlow wrote that in his best paintings Namatjira had put on record the beauty and the colour of Central Australia with a warmth that proclaims his deep love for his homeland (Strehlow 1951 p.6). Albert Namatjira is perhaps Australia's best known Aboriginal painter, with his work forming one of the foundations of contemporary Indigenous Australian art.. At the time, reproductions of her grandfather's work could not be used without the permission of the then-copyright owners. Albert Namatjira was born in 1902 in the Central Australian desert, which is one of the harshest environments in the world. Mr Patterns 2004 documentary Film Australia/ABC Catriona McKenzie (dir.) Speaking before Kumantjai's death, her cousin Gloria Pannka told RN's Awaye! Quote attributed to MQB Chairman and Managing Director, Stphane Martin (Owens 2005). Namatjira and his water-colourist colleagues shared the same cultural traditions as those Western Desert painters of my experience, and felt no need to read a painting from right to left or from a standing position with the painting conventionally presented upon a wall. Lemon behind big tree foliage, which is blobbed with dark line brush strokes over. Keith Namatjira (1938-1977) Ghost Gum & West MacDonnell Ranges Watercolour Signed lower right 17 x . Coombs, H.C. 1986, Introduction Albert Namatjira The Life and Work of an Australian Painter Macmillan Melbourne. Albert Namatjira's Death - Cause and Date Born (Birthday) Jul 28, 1902 Death Date August 8, 1959 Age of Death 57 years Cause of Death Pneumonia Profession Painter The painter Albert Namatjira died at the age of 57. As a pioneer of contemporary Indigenous Australian art, he was the most famous Indigenous Australian of his generation. He was sentenced to 6 months in prison but only served two. His Western-style landscapes, different from traditional Aboriginal art, made him a celebrated pioneer of contemporary Indigenous Australian art in the 1950s . At least the painters can feel a pride in the exhibition of their indigenous identity rather than in displaying a metal plate announcing an inferior and laughable European name. Cook's Dinner Party (2015) Cook's Dinner Party was the winner of the John Fries award in 2015. Here is all you want to know, and more! Although poverty persists, money is flowing into and being distributed throughout indigenous desert community settlements, despatched from sales of Australian indigenous art around the world. A senior member of the Namatjira family has died in Alice Springs less than a week after a deal, brokered by businessman Dick Smith, ended the protracted dispute over the copyright estate of renowned painter Albert Namatjira. Place of Birth: Australia. Albert Namatjira died on 8 August 1959, from a heart condition complicated by pneumonia. Finally Keith reflected on a social and cultural dissonance between Hermannsburg and Papunya, perhaps himself and Papunya. Elea Namatjira was a full-blooded member of the Western Aranda (Arunta) tribe, and his birth was registered at the Hermannsburg Lutheran Mission on July 28, 1902. . The viewer can see a twin-peaked iconic hill at right of mid-distance, but the country to the left is screened off from sight by a screen of fantasy red patterned rocks and the foliage of small trees. Disaster struck when in 1958 and 1959 he was exposed to the distress of his fathers dramatic trial for supplying alcohol to an Aborigine, imprisonment at Papunya and death in Alice Springs hospital. Albert Namatjira: his birthday, what he did before fame, his family life, fun trivia facts, popularity rankings, and more. Remembering the Indigenous resistance fighter determined to maintain Aboriginal traditions by resisting British rule. Strehlow gave this description in a letter to author Joyce Batty on 14 March 1961. Albert Namatjira (28 July 1902 - 8 August 1959) was a Western Arrernte-speaking Aboriginal artist from the MacDonnell Ranges, west of Alice Springs in Central Australia. In 1973, however, the viewer is not invited to a harsh scene. It has a firm sense of design and structure employing a sophisticated system of colour. Albert Namatjira died of heart disease on August 8th, 1959. Namatjira is also important in the development of Australian indigenous right movement. For further information please contact NPG Copyright. Recognising this, from about the time of his first solo exhibition in Melbourne in 1938, Albert took a second name, that of his father Namatjira, and thereafter he carried in this name and identity conflicting European and indigenous cultural values.5. It also gave him the right to buy alcohol, a privilege that would come to be his downfall. Perspective is flattened and there is no distance suggested in the blank blue sky. Keiths wife and children were at Hermannsburg (as were the families of Gabriel and Benjamin. The foreground merges with the plain in this very careful painting and the same yellow on the rear of the plain is finely dotted. 7.30 Report ABC TV McLaughlin, Murray (prod.) He paid close attention to composition and space and played with an inspired understanding of light and shade to mask the telling of his sacred story of place for the uninitiated. A number of adult indigenous artists seized the opportunity presented by Bardons support and enthusiasm to reveal their deeply and tenaciously held cultural beliefs in the form of patterns traced in the sand, sketches on scrap paper and the majestic Honey Ant Mural [which] culminated in a profusion of wondrous paintings (Perkins 2004 p.vii). A few years after Albert's death in 1959, a house was built for Rubina from some of the proceeds of his paintings in Hermannsburg. This image of a renaissance is consistent with an artwork by Rover Thomas, Cyclone Tracy, painted in 1991. A grandson, Kevin Namatjira, told ABC TV, Were sorry for our grandfather, you know. In the 1960s he asserted his own innovative approach when he decorated a composition at the Olgas with a traditional dot and line system. The cruel irony is that the size of the Australian indigenous art industry is now estimated at far beyond $100 million a year (Owens 2005 p.20). They included 5 boys - Enos, Oscar, Ewald, Keith, Maurice and 3 . A daughter of Albert and Rubina Namatjira's second son, Oscar, Lenie Namatjira and her nine brothers and sisters were all raised at Ntaria. Coreless Stretch Film; Pre-Stretch Film; Hand Roll; Machine Roll; Jumbo Roll; Industrial Plastic Division. He gave up painting and died in 1959, within four months of his release. Bardon also observed that traditional sand mosaics were group art, and that painters often owned only part of a subject or story, remaining strictly within their own totems or signs (Bardon 2004 p.11, 31). Her father was Wapiti, an Elder from Merini in Kukatja Country in the Northern Territory. 5. The clear colours are in the red totemic rocky hill tops and the large red rock at left foreground and the lemon in the foliage of the ghost-gum. Australians have commemorated Anzac Day on 25 April for more than a century, but the ceremonies and their meanings have changed significantly since 1915. I want to learn all I can from the old men. The artist Arthur Murch is also believed to have visited Hermannsburg in 1933, and may have met Namatjira. Geometric pale crimson rocks based on parallel, probably nature based patterns. It was common tradition to share good fortune with family, which Albert did by providing alcohol, a prohibited act. Central Australian Landscape Albert Namatjira 1944. He was accordingly mindful of the subtle Hermannsburg style aesthetic gestures that show respect for totemic country, such as the token screening of a totemic hill at its base with small trees. For example in 1946 thirty-six of his forty-one works in a solo exhibition in Adelaide were sold within half an hour of opening, at respectable prices of up to forty guineas each. The plain and dot screen are downbeat. Keith was exposed intimately to the extremes of his fathers fame and honour in his formative teen years. Theres evidence that the artist Jessie Traill had an exhibition in Alice Springs (Mparntwe) as early as 1928. 33.5 x 47.5 cm, Beverley Castleman Collection With the press across the country carrying pleas for Namatjiras release, the Federal Minister for Territories, Paul Hasluck, intervened so that the great artist could serve his sentence at Papunya. "I said, 'Look, what happens here is that all the lawyers will make a fortune but I think your family will suffer,'" he said. Albert married Ilkalita, later christened Rubina, whose father was a Kukatja man. The return of the artist's copyright marked the end of a fight spanning decades, which has taken an emotional toll on the Namatjira family. Albert Namatjira ( 28 July 1902 - 1959 ), born Elea Namatjira is an Australian Aborigine artist of the Arrernte (Aranda) tribe. Namatjira's legacy Unlike many of the seemingly passive landscapes of Western artists of the time, Namatjira's landscapes communicate a sense of being alive. Cobalt blue sky and two-tone distant hills. He used to escape from the confines of the mission and explore the Australian bush. The painting seems a wistful contemplation of the landscape practices at least at Papunya. One of the main reasons for disguise was to keep hidden powerful, secret, sexual and sacred beliefs concerned with creation, procreation, and cultural generation. While Namatjira died, he left an incredible legacy, both in art history and in the fight for the right of the Aboriginal communities in Australia. to sing the song of his country (Amadio 1986, p.2). Watercolour on paper Limited Edition Etchings. 2017. His observations of the differences between the Hermannsburg and Papunya approaches seemed matter of fact and not judgemental. Disaster struck when in 1958 and 1959 he was exposed to the distress of his father's dramatic trial for supplying alcohol to an Aborigine, imprisonment at Papunya and death in Alice Springs hospital. In the Australian Humanities Review, see also: Biography & Life Writing, Issue 43, December 2007, National & Global Identities, Williams, Christine, Writing, If you would like to contribute to this discussion, please email ahr@anu.edu.au, Australian Humanities Review all rights reserved. The big black tree has almost lost its battle to survive. Albert Namatjira (born Elea Namatjira; 28 July 1902 - 8 August 1959) was an Aboriginal artist from the MacDonnell Ranges in Central Australia.As a pioneer of contemporary Indigenous Australian art, he was the most famous Indigenous Australian of his generation. They are not only infused with knowledge of country but possess a striking intensity. He said the earlier copyright agreement deprived Namatjira and his family of an asset worth millions. est. The detailed red rocky outcrops with the old ghost gum front and partly screen an intimate but large space of the treed plain, backed by distinctive hills. , est 1960-65, includes a smooth orange/red area, which became a path for a viewer to stroll in later paintings. The pity of Namatjiras life was never being fully accepted into white society, which caused the exploitation of his genius and his familys suffering which continues to this day. The Public Trustee continued to manage the copyright and, it is understood, made copyright payments to family members. Albert Namatjira: first Aboriginal Australian citizen, recipient of the Queen's Coronation Medal, first Aboriginal subject of the winner of the Archibald Prize, most famous artist in Australia, charged with supplying alcohol to members of his extended family. 7. Keith has shown how this country looked in a way recognisable by non-Aboriginal minds, while asserting his general cultural pride and roots. 1973-75 Her father was Wapiti, an Elder from Merini in Kukatja Country in the Northern Territory. Hoorn, Jeanette 1999 Hermannsburg Violet Teague 1872-1951 (Des) Jane Clark and Felicity Druce The Beagle Press Melbourne . Albert & Rubina Namatjira, 2017. Druce, Felicity & Clark, Jane (eds.) Strehlow recalls the Aranda watching Murch and other painters intently and with evident fascination (1951: p.6).3. Perhaps Keith was hinting that sacred caves and tjurunga may be in the red cliffs. Then in the 1960s he turned to combining the aesthetics of the Hermannsburg School with traditional influences to suggest the sensation of place pictorially. The book this year won a National Trust of Australia (NSW) Cultural Heritage Award). Before that, as a ward of the Commonwealth, Namatjira could not have signed a legal contract without the permission of the Director of Welfare. Keith Namatjira was sixteen when he accompanied his father, Albert Namatjira, to Canberra in early 1954 when Albert was presented to Queen Elizabeth II by Cabinet Minister Paul Hasluck. The movement started in the 1940s and lasted until the 1970s. The name of the tribe was originally also spelt Arunta. Then in 1934 Battarbee returned, and Namatjira is reported to have shown an interest in painting, which Battarbee encouraged. So much of Namatjiras art can now be partially understood through our later knowledge of indigenous art being bound inextricably with indigenous artists reverence for the earth. One of two reproductions by Albert Namatjira which were stolen from the Araluen Arts Centre in the Northern Territory in 2008. Embossed with Australian Animals, these premium notebooks are perfect for Back To School. The hills, rocks and trees are rounded, but the big tree is spiky with deep purple silhouette with unreal yellow orange blobs for dying foliage. Low orange ground cover each side rounded. Keith was Western Arrernte, Subsection (Skin) Peltharre. Light green behind big tree foliage. Keith married a Loritja woman, Lilly Namatjira Tjantjingu, born 1936. In 1935 Namatjira created what he later said was his first watercolour, The Fleeing Kangaroo, which he gave to a Lutheran Mission administrator. The Australian Financial Review 30 June. As their marriage was forbidden tribally, Ilkalita and Albert eloped in 1919. 27: Keith Namatjira (1937-1977) Australia - (Central Australian Landscape) Est: AUD1,000 - AUD2,000. Figure 21.7 is particularly interesting because an upbeat Hermannsburg School style foreground sits in front of a muted but transparent Papunya approach, which includes dots partially masking the two important red hill tops, and entirely covering the hill bases (an exception in Hermannsburg art). Make miniature mechanised minions with teeny tiny tools! But Namatjiras influence was not restricted to Central Australian Western Desert art. Namatjira was convicted and sentenced to six month's hard labor. BDC-KthN-11. For many years he was Australia's most famous Aboriginal artist - the Hermannsburg camel-boy who had taken up watercolours and won acclaim in the white man's world. The article from an unidentified newspaper dated 12 August 1950 is held by the Strehlow Research Centre. The only yellow in the painting is on the narrow foreground supporting the big tree and also in the yellow back-lighting of the big tree foliage. Murch, Ria 1997 Arthur Murch An Artists Life 1902-1989 Ruskin Rowe Press Avalon Sydney. He was raised on a mission in Hermannsburg. Mr Smith was present at the transfer of copyright and was a signatory to the deed, but maintains he was only a minor player in the resolution of the dispute. He broke the law of his people by marrying his lover Rubina, who was a member of the wrong skin group, defying the sensitivity of racial issues in the area. Facts about Albert Namatjira 10: death On 8 August 1959, Namatjira passed away in Alice Springs because of the heat disease complicated by pneumonia. Luminous with the lemon dotted plain with crimson our grandfather, you know 33, pioneering artist Albert Namatjira of! 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