The trend continued in 2013, when we funded seven projects. Federation of American Scientists. Although calculations are complex, total military spending accounted for an estimated 43 percent to 48 percent of discretionary spending in 2011 (Friends Committee on National Legislation, 2012; War Resisters League, 2012). Slashing Americas defense: A suicidal trajectory. The U.S. military does not need or want all officers to become social scientist researchers, but applied social science can nevertheless help develop strategic thinking because it: (1) focuses on human behavior and influence; (2) develops comfort with competing theories; (3) requires creativity; and (4) uses evidence and iteration to better . Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http://servicewomen.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Rape-Sexual-Assault-and-Sexual-Harassment-in-the-Military.pdf. Lochhead, C. (2012, February 14). Sources: Fischer, H. (2005). These more basic causes of war include population change and environmental change. Identify two social science issues related to education. Identify two social science issues related to war. Tirman (2012) acknowledges that the carpet bombing, atomic bombing, and other actions in World War II that killed hundreds of thousands of civilians may have had strategic purposes, and the morality of these actions remains hotly debated today. Wars occur both between nations and within nations, when two or more factions engage in armed conflict. The social sciences are primarily academic enterprises, more so than either the biological or physical sciences, and the academic portion of the discipline is not only overwhelmingly larger than other sectors but also overpoweringly more prestigious. The second period is 19391945, when World War II killed 55 million people. The Times-Leader. She also refused to display the American flag, saying, When I looked at the American flag, I used to see red, white, and blue. Even if they are less frequent and less deadly than in the past, that is of little comfort to the tens of millions of people around the world during the past century who died or otherwise suffered in war and other armed conflict and who live in fear today of becoming a victim of armed conflict. Retrieved from http://defensenewsstand.com/NewsStand-General/The-INSIDER-Free-Article/dod-new-nuclear-subs-will-cost-347-billion-to-acquire-operate/menu-id-720.html. Question DescriptionIdentify two social science issues related to war. A prime example of this latter dynamic is the Vietnam War. Researchers found that acceptance and support from community and family may lessen the toll of mental health conditions experienced by former child soldiers. Collier, E. C. (1993). : an American History (Eric Foner) Interpersonal Communication (Kory Floyd) Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. It includes a range of topics on social science and humanities, such as history, culture, geography, sociology, education, etc. Napalm bombs were used in World War II to set fire to cities, military bunkers, and other targets. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment Identify two social science issues related to war. Korb, L. J., Rothman, A., & Hoffman, M. (2012). The samples are almost entirely of women, given their higher risk of being sexually assaulted. Social science is the scholarly study of human society and social relationships. Want to create or adapt books like this? Statistical abstract of the United States: 2012. problems, problems not so apparent in the analo-gous sciences, problems arising from the fact that . There are also many innocent victims in wartime, but when children are victims, our hearts especially go out to them. Prompt: During the first week of the course, you will respond to several questions in the webtext as you complete each . This work goes under a variety of names, including 'human dynamics' and 'computational social science'. Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/blog/161378/around-globe-us-military-bases-generate-resentment-not-security. As just one example of such waste, a 2011 federal audit found that cost overruns over the prior two years had added at least $70 billion to projected costs of various weapons systems (Drew, 2011). Values may be influenced by multiple factors including social, religious, and personal views. If warfare is not biological in origin, then it is best understood as a social phenomenon, one that has its roots in the decisions of political and military officials. Theyre in good shape for the shape theyre in, Sources: Ledbetter, 2011; Vietnam Veterans Against the War, 1971. Key features include: Social science is the study of people: as individuals, communities and societies; their behaviours and interactions with each other and with their built, technological and natural environments. The enormity of war has long stimulated scholarly interest in why humans wage war (Levy & Thompson, 2010). Tirman (2012, p. 107) writes, Surviving Koreans from the onslaught described in detail the chaotic panic they experienced; having believed the Americans were protecting them, they then saw the U.S. troops fire indiscriminately at men, women, and children at the scene. At the end of the three days, about four hundred civilians lay dead. Amherst, MA: Political Economy Research Institutes. Chapter 1 / Exercise 3 "Surprisingly, the civilians within the conflict . The Union of Concerned Scientists (2009) summarizes their danger bluntly: Nuclear weapons remain the greatest and most immediate threat to human civilization. However more peaceful the world is today, it could easily end at any moment. Ledbetter, J. . If we say the history of the United States has been written in war, that is not too much of an exaggeration. China ranked a distant second at $119 billion, followed by the United Kingdom at $60 billion and France at $49 billion (see Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010). Our specialists will write a custom essay on any topic for $13.00 $10.40/page. For example, the Iraq war that began in 2003 involved two countries more than any others, the United States and Iraq. The Vietnam War marked a time when many Americans became concerned about childrens suffering during wartime. Question. Identify two social science issues related to education. As we move further into the twenty-first century, the issue of military spending will present a major challenge for US political and economic institutions to address in a way that meets Americas international and domestic interests. Retrieved from http://www.alternet.org/world/151337/are_we_giant_suckers_while_the_us_blows_money_on_the_military,_europe _spends_dough_on_social_programs. The structural approach was soon bolstered by Kenneth Waltz's neorealist Theory of International Politics (1979), and reinforced 20 years later on a different front by Alexander . More than 85 articles were downloaded, and of these, 53 articles were selected by considering relatedness, reputability of the journal, and pattern of writing and analyzed accordingly. Spend Time on Research You should always look for academically proved and reliable sources that you can cite in your essay. The Navy plans to purchase twelve of these submarines. The United States, of course, began with the colonial war against England. Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_weapons_and_global_security/nuclear_weapons/technical_issues/nuclear-weapons-overview.html. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Peace Studies Program. 221232). War Resisters League. End of US military segregation set stage for rights movement. (2011). This latter fact needs some explanation. Episode 1, Season 1 of Social Science of War examines the implications for land warfare from the Russian invasion of Ukrainethe biggest land war in Europe since World War II. Regardless of these problems, this growing body of research documents how often rape and sexual assault in the military occur. Where do our income tax dollars go. A closer analysis of the opportunities that social science offers the military shows, however, that it provides a variety of research and educational capabilities, . Regarding this fear, former US senator and presidential candidate George McGovern (2011, p. 47), a decorated World War II hero, writes, We need to end the false choice between a bloated budget and a weak spine.. Looking after the soldier, back home and damaged. Baker, L. (2012, February 18). The wealthy European countries that compose the bulk of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), an international consortium, spend 2.5 percent of their total economy (gross domestic product, or GDP) on their militaries. In 2010, the US official military budget (defense outlays only) was $698 billion. Tirman describes one Korean incident in which machine gun fire from US warplanes killed about one hundred civilian refugees who were resting on a road. Victims of military rape deserve justice. Leisure studies examine issues related to leisure, including recreation, tourism, events, and sport. These issues are made complex particularly because of conflicting values concerning drug use within modern societies. What happened to a leaner, meaner military. Generally accepted as falling under the heading social science are sociology, anthropology, political science, psychology, and economics, although debates still rage within these disciplines as to the degree to which each is a humanity versus a science. Social Problems by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Analysis of the FY2012 defense budget. Unwarranted Influence: Dwight D. Eisenhower and the military-industrial complex. As a result, reported rapes and sexual assaults compose only a very small percentage of all military rapes and sexual assaults. The suicide rate of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans is thus more than three times higher than that of the general public (Martinez & Bingham, 2011). Leitenberg, M. (2006). Their poverty forced many of these women to turn to prostitution to earn an income, resulting in a rise in prostitution after the war (Rafter, 1990). Bess, M. (2008). Vietnam Veterans Against the War. Theme: Exploring Social Science Issues, learning block 1-1 (page 4) Union of Concerned Scientists. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab. Overview: The short response activities in the webtext throughout this course are designed to show your understanding of key concepts as you engage with course content. They say the United States could safely decrease its nuclear and conventional weapons arsenals without at all endangering national security. Identify two social issues related to war 2 See answers Advertisement theblastmaster2000xd Answer: Class war is the most promitent in the united states right now (Coming from a communist and whos father was in the BPP) Explanation: That is a perspective I did not think about. towards a more balanced coverage of wider strategic issues, requiring a level of analytical and conceptual thinking. Around the globe, US military bases generate resentment, not security. Discretionary spending involves the money the president and Congress must decide how to spend each year and includes federal income tax dollars only. War and social change in modern Europe: The great transformation revisited. Those two weapons were tiny in both number and size compared to nuclear weapons today. A., & Wilson, S. M. (2010). Historically and also today, nations in the Middle East and elsewhere have gone to war or are otherwise in conflict because of religious differences. This includes current problems and risks that represent a probability of future problems. Looking further back in world history, the death rate in prehistoric times from tribal warfare was extremely high. One veteran recalled being gang raped by her drill sergeant and four other soldiers, who then broke several bones in her body and urinated on her. Some eighty years later, the involvement of African Americans in the US armed forces during World War II helped begin the racial desegregation of the military. Although World War II killed an estimated 55 million people, a smaller percentage of the worlds population died in armed conflict during the twentieth century than in earlier eras. Several years later, she was still having many health problems and could not forget what happened to her. Are we giant suckers? Sexual assault in the US military: A review of the literature and recommendations for the future. The war within: Americas battle over Vietnam. As a reminder, the social science principles we focus on in this course are social roles, social institutions, social norms, and beliefs and values. New York Times, p. A12. War also has impact beyond the consequences for civilians and veterans. Dewan, S. (2011, December 18). Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/nukestatus.html. Many examples of this impact exist, but one well-known example involves the defeat of Germany in World War I, which led to a worsening economy during the next decade that in turn helped fuel the rise of Hitler. Issues include but are not limited to poverty, achievement motivation, dropouts, homelessness . Grimmett, R. E. (2011). This article is intended to investigate the war-related psycho-social problems and mitigating strategies of war declared on Ethiopia's Amhara region civilians. Their unemployment rate was 13.1 percent in December 2011, compared to only 8.5 percent for the general public; the unemployment rate for veterans ages 2024 was near 30 percent (Dewan, 2011; Zornick, 2012). Do you think the US military budget should be increased, be reduced, or stay about the same? Shusman, B. Obamas defense cuts are a drop in the bucket. In support of this evolutionary argument, some scientists note that chimpanzees and other primates also engage in group aggression against others of their species (Wrangham, 2004). Another dimension of militarism involves arms exports by both the US government and US military contractors. What it means to be a democrat. Retrieved from http://www.defense.gov/news/casualty.pdf (accessed February 16, 2012); Martinez, L. (2011, November 11). The remaining several hundred refugees hid and were shot at for three days by US ground soldiers. The Note 16.13 Children and Our Future box discusses this problem in greater detail. Identify two social science issues related to education. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. ABC News. SOC SCI 132. The document you are viewing contains questions related to this textbook. Martinez, L., & Bingham, A. As discussed earlier, President Eisenhower eloquently warned about the influence of the US military and the size of the military budget. Once they were evacuated, their villages were designated free fire zones, and then often bombed indiscriminately once again, killing any villagers who managed to remain in these zones despite the evacuations. Tirman notes that approximately 6 million civilians and soldiers died in the Korean, Vietnam/Indochina, Iraq, and Afghanistan wars. . Fisman, R., & Miguel, E. (2010). Fourth, military waste in the form of cost overruns from poor accounting and other management failures is rampant. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. Gleditsch, N. P., & Theisen, O. M. (2010). The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan provide additional examples of a theft from those who hunger and are not fed. These wars cost the United States about $1.3 trillion through 2012, for an average of more than $100 billion annually (Harrison, 2012). Week 1 Question 7 Identify two social science issues related toeducation. (2009). Social Sciences runs special issues to create collections of papers on specific topics. Second, members of Congress fear being labeled weak on defense if they try to reduce the military budget or do not agree to new weapons systems requested by the Pentagon. In 2011, military spending (defense outlays by the Department of Defense and certain other agencies; outlays include costs for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars) according to the government was approximately $768 billion. Shaping in Strategic Competition: How to Win Friends and Influence People with Military Power Kyle Atwell | 02.06.23 Social science issues related to war. War can also change a nations political structure in obvious ways, as when the winning nation forces a new political system and leadership on the losing nation. They are also more likely to engage in drug use and binge drinking. However, other scientists dispute the evolutionary explanation for several reasons (Begley, 2009). The psychological effect of war on veterans and their families 1 ) . The establishment of foreign bases provided the Commission of Government with an unforeseen amount of wealth, which it used to improve social services. Veterans of the Vietnam War came back to a nation that often did not greet them as heroes. Cross) Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham) Each of these warheads is an average of at least twenty times more powerful than each of the atomic bombs that decimated Japan. Retrieved from http://www.denverpost.com/Stories/0,0,36%257E30137%257E,00.html. Cost equivalencies illustrate what is lost when so much money is spent on the military, especially on weapons systems that do not work and are not needed. 2023 World War II-style rationing could be an effective way to reduce carbon . For every 100,000 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans who receive health care from the Veterans Administration, 38 have killed themselves. Retrieved February 20, 2012, from http://www.vvaw.org/veteran/article/?id=823. New York Times, p. A1. Solomon, N. (2006). Other political and economic changes brought by war are less obvious. However, the calculation for this statement excludes the additional military expenses just discussed, and it uses a misleading measure of federal spending. Job numbers are up, but veterans are left behind. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment ORDER NOW FOR AN ORIGINAL PAPER ASSIGNMENT: SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment Identify two social science issues related to war. To quote the title of a recent report, military spending is a poor job creator (Hartung, 2012). Chapter 5: Sexual Orientation and Inequality, Chapter 15: Population and the Environment, Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars, http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/american%20war%20casualty.htm, http://web.archive.org/web/20070711050249/http://www.cwc.lsu.edu/other/stats/warcost.htm, http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/20/recounting-the-dead, http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-veterans-numbers/story?id=14928136#1, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Army_51817_ BAGHDAD_-_Iraqi_Soldiers,_with_the_6th_IA_Division,_ familiarize_themselves_with_their_targets_and_prepare_ for_a_PKC_machine_gun_range_at_Combat _Outpost_402,_here,_Sept._28._In_addition_to_ marksmanship.jpg, Chapter 15 Population and the Environment, Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_F-35C_Flight.ogv, http://bangordailynews.com/2011/07/22/health/children-of-deployed-troops-struggle-researchers-find, http://www.timesleader.com/stories/A-concerted-effort-needed-to-help-homeless-veterans-COMMENTARY-STATE-SEN- LISA-BAKER,89325?search_filter=A+concerted+effort+needed+to+help+homeless +veterans &town_id=1&sub_type=stories, http://www.cfr.org/defense-policy-and-budget/slashing-americas-defense-suicidal-trajectory/p26989, http://defensenewsstand.com/NewsStand-General/The-INSIDER-Free-Article/dod-new-nuclear-subs-will-cost-347-billion-to-acquire-operate/menu-id-720.html, http://www.history.navy.mil/wars/foabroad.htm, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/military-preparedness-does-not-come-cheap/2012/02/05/gIQA5PLfsQ_story.html, http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/nukestatus.html, http://fcnl.org/assets/flyer/taxchart11.pdf, http://business.time.com/2012/02/07/why-we-should-help-veterans-start-their-own-businesses/, http://www.denverpost.com/Stories/0,0,36%257E30137%257E,00.html, http://www.alternet.org/world/151337/are_we_giant_suckers_while_the_us_blows_money_on_the_military,_europe _spends_dough_on_social_programs, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2012/02/_2013_pentagon_budget_why_so_much_spending_on_big_war_weapons_.html, http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-veterans-numbers/story?id=14928136#14928131, http://www.america.gov/st/diversity-english/2008/February/20080225120859liameruoy0.9820215.html, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/obamas-damaging-blow-to-our-military/2012/01/12/gIQA3eMhuP_story.html, http://costofwar.com/en/tradeoffs/state/CA/program/11/tradeoff/0, http://www.globalissues.org/issue/73/arms-trade-a-major-cause-of-suffering, http://www.voanews.com/english/news/usa/Public-Private-Organizations-Work-to-Help-Thousands-of-Homeless-Veterans-in-NY- 139520143.html, http://servicewomen.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Rape-Sexual-Assault-and-Sexual-Harassment-in-the-Military.pdf, http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_weapons_and_global_security/nuclear_weapons/technical_issues/nuclear-weapons-overview.html, http://www.thenation.com/blog/161378/around-globe-us-military-bases-generate-resentment-not-security, http://www.vvaw.org/veteran/article/?id=823, https://www.warresisters.org/sites/default/files/FY2012piechart-color.pdf, http://www.thenation.com/blog/165487/job-numbers-are-veterans-are-left-behind, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Although this is almost an unimaginable number, there is cause for some hope, even as there is also cause for despair. Pew Research Center. Actually, we have not had a war between major powers since 1945. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. Most of these victims were civilians, and most of these civilian deaths were the result of actions by the United States and its allies. War made easy: How presidents and pundits keep spinning us to death. The findings suggest that social integration may help war-affected youth achieve better life outcomes after traumatic events. When sexual assaults and sexual harassment are added to the crimes mentioned to respondents, between 22 percent and 84 percent of women report being raped, sexually assaulted, and/or sexually harassed while serving. A related subfield is military sociology, which focuses more explicitly on the organization and . Of these reported cases, only one-fifth went to trial, and only half of these defendants were convicted. Retrieved from http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/20/recounting-the-dead; US Department of Defense. Critics of the military budget say that the billions of dollars spent on weapons and other military needs would be better spent on domestic needs such as schools and day care. Second, many societies studied by anthropologists have been very peaceful, suggesting that a tendency to warfare is more cultural than biological. More than 100 million soldiers and civilians are estimated to have died during the international and civil wars of the twentieth century (Leitenberg, 2006). New York, NY: Metropolitan Books. For example, it would be difficult for us as a society to work on natural science and engineering problems such as batteries, vaccines, etc., if we did not have a civil society, a functioning banking system, universal education, safe streets, etc.and all of these are social problems, not natural science problems. A recent study found that adolescents with a deployed parent are more likely than those with civilian parents to feel depressed and suicidal. Americans are hurt, he warned, when the defense budget squanders money that could be used to repair schools or to guarantee universal health care (Arias, 1999, p. A19). Using the example of Mozambique, Guatemala and others, this paper will discuss the way in which . To put that another way, between 43 percent and 48 percent of all federal income tax dollars were used for military expenditures that year. (2011). List of 40 Social Issues Topics for College Students Religious gatherings and rituals Country-wide strikes and protest LGBTQ+ prides Worldwide flashmobs Social stratification Gender discrimination and anti-harassment movements The issues of orphanage kids Pornography and AI sex dolls Sex work or paid rape? Feb 2, 2023. Washington, DC: Center for International Policy. What do you think is the worst problem that veterans have faced in returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? Each submarine is projected to cost more than $8 billion to build and another $21 billion in constant dollars in operation and maintenance costs over its lifetime (Castelli, 2012). America.gov. However it is calculated, the US military budget is by far the highest in the world and in fact accounts for 43 percent of the worlds military spending. That is because social science studying the same thing as natural science --- matter, of its structure and mode of motion. vanden Heuvel, K. (2011, June 13). One teenager recalled the tensions that arose when his father was in Iraq: I was in eighth grade when my dad deployed to Iraq. Outline both sides to the debate over the size of the US military budget. These deaths stemmed from bombs and other weapons that went astray, from orders by military and political leaders to drop millions upon millions of bombs on civilian areas, and sometimes from atrocities committed by US personnel. SCS 200 Week 1 Short Response Guidelines and Rubric Overview: The short response activities in the webtext throughout this course are designed to show your understanding of key concepts as you engage with course content. Identify two social science issues related to education. Retrieved February 20, 2012, from http://www.cfr.org/defense-policy-and-budget/slashing-americas-defense-suicidal-trajectory/p26989. By far, the most significant issue was poor leadership; 28% of . However, later investigation revealed that the attack never occurred and that the White House lied to Congress and the American people (Wells, 1994). Many veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have also come back home with these problems. The Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in the nations capital and so many other memorials across the nation remind us of the hundreds of thousands of brave men and women who have died serving their country. , C. ( 2012 ) social science issues related to war Martinez, L. ( 2012, from http: //www.cfr.org/defense-policy-and-budget/slashing-americas-defense-suicidal-trajectory/p26989 be effective! Psychological social science issues related to war of war include population change and environmental change in returning from the veterans Administration, 38 have themselves... Not greet them as heroes war ( Levy & Thompson, 2010 ) complete each the World is today it. 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