Good history must be based on facts. Some testimony came in private interviews when there was no motive to lie. A second form could seal a woman to one man for time and another for eternity. Brigham Young chose twenty-year-old Lucy Ann Decker Seeley for his first plural wife, and they were married by Joseph Smith on 17 June 1842. His 11-year-old son answered questions about the day his mom and sister were killed. Savage. tags: money , money-management. One of his wives alleged he ordered the deaths of people who tried to leave the faith. . Fifty-three years ago Juanita Brooks classic study, The Mountain Meadows Massacre, concluded the crime was the result of one unfortunate circumstance after another. TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. He was replaced as governor the following year by Alfred Cumming. Lorenzos wife, Harriet, bore a baby son two months after their arrival in the Salt Lake Valley, the first pioneer male child to be born in that wilderness (see The Faithful Young Family"). "[Young] is not only the president here but he is the president of the states and kingdoms of this world no matter if they have not elected him." In a very real sense, Brigham Young was the law. As part of Young's vision of a pre-millennial "Kingdom of God," Young established colonies along the California and Old Spanish Trails, where Mormon officials governed as leaders of church, state, and military. the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phineas_Young&oldid=1133790119, American Mormon missionaries in the United States, American leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Latter Day Saint biography Infobox with missing parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 15 January 2023, at 14:54. The religion had undergone a period of intense conflict with non-Mormons in the American midwest, and faithful Mormons made solemn oaths to pray for vengeance upon those who killed the "prophets" including founder Joseph Smith, and more recently apostle Parley P. Pratt, who was murdered in April 1857 while traveling as a missionary in Arkansas. Because the historical past will always be opaque, historians must seek the weight of evidence, and in this case, the preponderance suggests Youngs innocence. Typewritten biography of Phineas Howe Young (1799-1880) by his granddaughters Eleanor White Mackay, Seraph White Allred, and Naomi Wright. And in the fall of 1842, Brigham Young faced a mysterious and deadly illness. After Cowdery was excommunicated from the church in 1838, Young wrote him several letters pleading with him to come back into the church. There were several times when Brigham Young's life was spared or his health inexplicably restored, according to BYU professor of Mormon History Donald Q. Cannon ("Brigham Young on Life and Death"). Despite a growing bitterness toward his former mentor, Lee refused. Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the ides of March.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the ides of March.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the ides of March.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the ides of March.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the ides of March.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the ides of March.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the ides of March.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the ides of March.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the ides of March. Savage. That admonition includes charging Brigham Young with crimes that he did not commit. He also has photos on Instagram from his Latter-day Saint mission, and a May 2019 picture shows him and Davis holding seminary graduation certificates together. Many Mormons -- particularly in southern Utah -- left the church over the incident. According to Mormon doctrine, he points out, murder in defense of the faith could be considered just. Historians still debate the autonomy and precise roles of local Cedar City LDS Church officials in ordering the massacre and Young's concealing of evidence in its aftermath. He sublet the job to other contractors who completed the work in February 1869. He said the file included the notes of a Mormon historian who, at the request of church leaders, conducted a confidential investigation of the massacre in 1892. "If you wish to get rich, save what you get. Phineas Young was among the first Mormon pioneer company to reach the Salt Lake Valley in July 1847. '', The emigrants, a group of prosperous Arkansas farming families known as the Fancher party after its leader, Alexander Fancher, could hardly have picked a worse time for an overland trek. "We went west willingly--because we had to.". In regard to emigrating trains arriving and passing through our settlements, he wrote in a letter designed to restore calm in Southern Utah, We must not interfere with them. These clear and difficult-to-misread words were rushed to Cedar City after Young received an express from local setters there telling him of pending trouble. 295 likes All Members Who Liked This Quote . Fifty-three years ago Juanita Brooks' classic study, The Mountain Meadows Massacre, concluded the crime was the result of one unfortunate . Militia orders to the Mormon army carried Youngs words on the reverse: Shed no blood., When the books are opened in the day of judgment, declared an associate who was at his side in 1857, these things will be proven to heaven and earth.. And why does the Deseret News continue lying about Mountain Meadows to this day? [15] Bagley notes that Young often started his letters with broad generalizations with little meaning and then conceal the main message in one or two terse sentences in the middle of the text. So, two years after Brigham Young first began expressing interest, the marriage-cautious and polygamy-skeptical Ann Eliza joined the prophet's group of wives. Phineas, the third son, had struggled with the enticements of the world before finding a spiritual identity near the age of 24, when he forsook his former companions and pursuits, and prayed fervently to the Lord until he, too, accepted Methodism and became a preacher, according to The Faithful Young Family.". "[13], Historians debate whether the Haight letter absolves Young of any complicity. This remarkable man served as bishop of the Salt Lake City 18th Ward for 27 years (see Whitney's "History of Utah: Biographical"). Klingensmith escaped prosecution by agreeing to testify against the others. This had a great impact upon Brigham, who was four years his junior, and confided that I had more confidence in his judgment and discretion, and in the manifestations of God to him, than I had in myself ("Brigham Young: Journal of Discourses," 8:37). The document is among the Brigham Young Office Papers at the Church History Library. At first, it blamed Indians; later, it claimed a rogue church official was responsibleand after two trials, Mormon militia leader John Lee was hanged in 1877 for the killings. [7], On September 10, 1857, James Holt Haslam arrived in Salt Lake City, after experiencing long delays during his nearly 300-mile journey, to deliver a message to Young from the acting commander of the Iron County Brigade, Isaac C. Phineas' wife Clarissa was also baptized about this same time. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? Wild Bill Hickman, a famed gunslinger and friend of the Mormon leader . Brigham Young tried to stop the massacre. When asked by Horace Greeley in 1859, Brigham Young said that he had 15 wives, but some of those sealed to me are old ladies whom I regard rather as mothers than wives. Copy. The evidence has been so corruptedsuppressed, destroyed, and fabricatedits hard to determine the date the murders took place, let alone trace all the ins and outs of the conspiracy behind the crime. The oft asked question about the practice of polygamy in early Mormon history is: How many wives did Brigham Young have? March 28, 1884: Or was it March 8? Phineas Young was an older brother of Brigham Young, who was the president of the LDS Church and the first governor of the Territory . was brigham young stabbed by a son named phineas. 25 years after he murdered their mom, his kids disagree whether he should be released. When I learned that Orrin Porter Rockwell, the notorious Mormon lawman and Danite, had rushed Mrs. Pratt across the plains in record time, I knew what happened at Mountain Meadows. It misfired six times, and he then pointed it at a post and all six shots . Virtually all the . As any attorney knows, the problem with a guilty client is he acts guilty, and after the massacre Brigham Young never behaved like an innocent man. Source: Jeffery Ogden Johnson, "Determining and Defining `Wife': The . In other words, Young thought whites would and should receive preferential treatment now and forever. They are, from left, Lorenzo Dow Young, Brigham Young, Phineas Howe Young, Joseph Young and John Young Jr. When the project was finished, there was still a great deal of money owed to Brigham Young by the Union Pacific and because of their financial difficulties, they were not able to meet the . The Mountain Meadows Massacre was a horrible atrocity, and the conduct of some Mormons involved in it was deplorable: strong words from the Tabernacle pulpit, Saints seeking vengeance because of their past persecution, Youngs risky Native American alliance, senseless acts by some local Mormon leaders, Utahs troubling episodes of extralegal violence and most awful, the terrible killing at Mountain Meadows. In this case, he argues, Young saw bloodshed as a righteous act, one that would avenge the Arkansas murder of the apostle, Pratt, and send a sober warning to the United States government about the risks of invading the Mormon state. On September 8, 1857, Captain Stewart Van Vliet, of the US Army Quartermaster Corps, arrived in Salt Lake City. Later in 1841, Young served a mission to Cincinnati and its environs with Franklin D. In 1853, he became the second counselor to David Fullmer in the presidency of the Salt Lake Stake of the church. Bottom line: Yes, Brigham Young was clearly a racist. After the massacre, Young stated in public forums that God had taken vengeance on the BakerFancher party. He once said to his brother Brigham, "There is not a Bible Christian in the world; what will become of the people?". She believed Gods legions would hunt them down in every land & place. With help from Mormon apostles in Missouri, Eleanor arrived in Utah on July 23, 1857, where she allegedly charged that men in the Fancher party had helped her first husband murder Apostle Pratt. Simpson murdered his wife. Phineas Young was a printer; building contractor; and Mormon bishop, missionary, and pioneer. According to the version traditionally told by Mormon scholars -- for example in a well-regarded 1985 biography of Young -- the Fancher party provoked ill-will by taunting Mormon settlers in southern Utah. This is a photo of Brigham Young and his brothers taken in the 1860s by C.R. Likewise, John D. Lee, the only man convicted of the murders, was repeatedly offered leniency in exchange for incriminating Youngthe last offer was made just moments before his execution. Here's the account in his own words: Brigham Young wasn't the only latter-day prophet to have such close experiences with death. James H. Haslam, interview by S. A. Kenner, reported by Josiah Rogerson, 4 December 1884, typescript, 11, in Josiah Rogerson, Transcripts and Notes of John D. Lee Trials, LDS Church Archives. Why did he do nothing to return the stolen property of the 17 surviving orphans? He felt, he said later, "as tho my head wo [ul]d crack.". Worcester also challenges Hotspur's temper, telling him You . Following his return to Nauvoo in 1841, Young affirmed his complete loyalty to Joseph Smith by embracing the controversial and still-secret practice of polygamy, despite his initial personal . In 1830, Young was contacted by Samuel H. Smith, a missionary in the recently established Latter Day Saint movement. Enter your email to receive updates on our LDS Living content, 2022 LDS Living A Division of Deseret Book Company. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. But though Mr. Bagley and Ms. Denton marshal an astonishing number of archival sources, their case against Brigham Young remains circumstantial. The crisis of the Utah War demanded that he husband moral authority and public opinion. There is room for my brown paper-doll family: 2 gospel truths I learned as a young girl that carry my faith, 7 Latter-day Saint resources that answer questions about death and the spirit world, See the stunning winners of the Churchs International Art Competition. ''He was an absolute dictator,'' she said. Brigham Young was born on a farm in Whitingham, Vermont, on June 1, 1801 and received little education as he grew up. Shortly after the outbreak of the Civil War, Brigham Young and his entourage visited Mountain Meadows for the first time since 1857. Mr. Bagley cites a diary entry made by Young's brother-in-law and Indian interpreter, Dimick Huntington, after a meeting between the Mormon leader and Paiute chiefs on Sept. 1, 1857. Haight and Dame were also the senior regional military leaders of the Mormon militia. True West asked the authors of both books to lay out their claims. "What I'm hoping for is to close this chapter, is to . Once, when returning to his ranch on the Jordan River, he was mistakenly taken as a thief, shot at and wounded in the arm, where the main artery was severed. 2 Min Read. Life After Death: 6 Insights into the Spirit World. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. The knowledge of how George A. Smith felt towards the emigrants, and his telling me that he had a long talk with Haight on the subject, made me certain that it was the wish of the Church authorities, that Fancher and his train should be wiped out, and knowing all this, I did not doubt then, and I do not doubt it now, either, that Haight was acting by full authority from the Church leaders, and that the orders he gave to me were just the orders that he had been directed to give, when he ordered me to raise the Indians and have them attack the emigrants.[27]. Like. Reopening a Mormon Murder Mystery; New Accusations That Brigham Young Himself Ordered an 1857 Massacre of Pioneers, https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/12/books/reopening-mormon-murder-mystery-new-accusations-that-brigham-young-himself.html. My nephew Matt is completely innocent. Brigham Young first became involved with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints around 1830, according to PBS, very soon after the religion was created by Joseph Smith.The Church of LDS is a form of Christianity, but with additional beliefs, including that the Book of Mormon is a holy book and that the church founder, Joseph Smith, was a prophet sent by God, according to History. Witnesses later testified about Haslams dramatic arrival in Salt Lake City, the writing of the letter and its dispatch South. 3, Fall 1987; Leonard J. Arrington, Brigham Young: American Moses, Knopf, New York, 1985. A woman who stabbed her husband to death left a note saying she had "taken so much abuse over the years" and that she accepted "her punishment", a court has heard. Hiding Rockwells role in expressing Eleanor to Utah from my late friend Hal was evidence that had been carefully suppressed. The most common, and the only one currently practiced by the Mormon church, is a ceremony that seals a man and a woman for time (mortal life) and eternity. They are, from left, Lorenzo Dow Young, Brigham Young, Phineas Howe Young, Joseph Young and John Young Jr. Why? [16][17], Young first heard about the massacre from John D. Lee, one of the participants. He was replaced as governor the following year by Alfred Cumming. Brigham Young led one of the largest group migrations in American historyover 12,000 peopleto Salt Lake City, Utah. That, say the church historians, is because no such order was given. hold, outlived him, and shared in his estate. He did not murder his own parents," she says. [2] Shortly after their baptisms, Phineas Young and Joseph Young became ordained elders in the church began preaching as missionaries in New York and Upper Canada. As one of John D. Lees wives put it, The Mormons were so insulted and indignant over the death or murder of Pratt that they Raked untold Vengeance on the poor Emigrants.. Lured west by the promise of a wide-open range and a gentle climate -- a boon for cattle ranching -- the party left Arkansas in the spring of 1857, just as the Utah Territory and the United States were on the brink of armed conflict. The 59-year-old woman was found at 2 p.m. inside a Flushing home laying face down on a bed with multiple stab wounds . Brigham Young took care to never "let an opportunity pass of getting with the Prophet Joseph and of hearing him speak in public or in private, so that I might draw understanding from the fountain from which he spoke." "This," he insisted, "is the secret of the success of your humble servant" (Brigham Young, JD 12:269-70 [16 August . The mission of Brigham Young University founded, supported, and guided by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is to assist individuals in their quest for perfection and eternal life. She was the daughter of Isaac Decker, a long-time friend of Brigham Young and his father John Young. On Sept. 11, 1857, a group of California-bound pioneers camping in southern Utah were murdered by a Mormon militia and its Indian allies. . This answer reflects the complicated nature in the definition of plural wife. As to the number of wives with whom it is known that he had conjugal relations, sixteen wives bore him 57 children (46 of whom grew to maturity). Nor did Pratts death stir blood lust. Friends Who Liked This Quote. The great virtue of John G. Turner's new biography of Brigham Youngthe first major study since LDS historian Leonard Arrington's Brigham Young: American Moses (1985)is the author's . Dallas Police revealed that new lab evidence had come to light, allowing the charges to be upgraded almost . [3], In 1840, Young moved to Scott County, Illinois when the Latter Day Saints were expelled from Missouri. Update 6/10/2021 7:22 AM. On September 11, 1857, 120 men, women and childrenpioneers from Arkansas headed for Californiawere massacred after being promised safe passage through a Southern Utah valley known as Mountain Meadows. Brigham Young wasn't the only latter-day prophet to have such close experiences with death. While other Las Vegas visitors were passing the night at shows, casinos, and buffets, seven BYU cybersecurity students sat hunched over their laptops in the lobby of the Ellis Island Hotel deep in a feverish game of capture the flag. Theres one answer to all these questions: Brigham Young ordered the murders as a righteous act of vengeance. Brigham Young was born in 1801 born in Whittingham, Vermont. Matters have & are being delayed with design of Cohearce [to coerce] me to Make a statement beyond what I know, he wrote in his diary. '', Sally Denton, an investigative reporter based in Santa Fe, N.M., whose book ''American Massacre: The Tragedy at Mountain Meadows'' will be published by Knopf next summer, also holds Young responsible for the crime. GLENDOWERThese signs have marked me extraordinary,And all the courses of my life do show I am not in the roll of common men. Both authors quote a 5-year-old survivor who told a reporter two years after the event, ''My father was killed by Indians; when they washed their faces, they were white men.'' [1][2] Evidence as to whether or not Young ordered the attack on the migrant column is conflicted. This railroad operated between 1871 and 1881 and was founded by prominent Mormons such as Joseph A. In 1868, Brigham Young signed a grading contract with the Union Pacific Railroad to work on the transcontinental line in Utah. [11] After his rest, Haslam picked up the reply from Young and was instructed to return to Cedar City with the letter quickly and not to "spare horseflesh."[11]. The Indians we expect will do as they please but you should try and preserve good feelings with them. And, as a home missionary he administered to the sick, the needy, the spiritually weak, spreading love, light and encouragement wherever he went, according to The Faithful Young Family.". A plaque at the massacre site, erected by the Mormon Church in 1990, carefully avoided assigning blame, referring with baffling vagueness to ''a company of more than 120 Arkansas emigrants'' being ''attacked while en route to California. The current round of debate may be the bluntest yet about the episode, which, in addition to investigative accounts, has inspired at least five novels in the last several years. 2020-09-13 15:28:09. Several of his wives lived in the Lion House or the Beehive House; others had separate residences. . Taken in by local families -- including those of men who had participated in the attack -- the children were eventually returned to relatives, some later providing devastating testimony about the massacre. Susa, Brighams daughter, wrote of her father: He fostered and encouraged the study and practice of music, not only in his own family, but among the people (see Life Story of Brigham Young," by Susa Young Gates and Leah D. Widtsoe). Early on a Monday morning in September 1857, about 140 men, women and children on a California-bound wagon train were slaughtered under a flag of truce by Mormons who apparently considered the act . But we only make the tragedy worse by saying that it was something other than what it wasby trying to fit events into a pre-conceived theory of conspiracy. [6] Young was present in Richmond, Missouri when Cowdery died. Hamblin said he was told by Young and Smith to keep quiet, but that "as soon as we can get a court of justice, we will ferret this thing out. (The Rome-News refers to him as a Brigham Young University student, but EastIdahoNews.com could only confirm that he attended BYU-Idaho.). The young boy testified against his father on Wednesday, saying, "You stabbed me." Visit Insider's homepage for more stories. Though obviously guilty of murder, Lee was the crime's scapegoat, not instigator, the authors argue, and the Indians had little to do with it. The seeing of our faithful Elders slaughtered in cold blood, he wrote after his friends death, is at times almost to[o] grevious to be borne, but as the Spirit within me whispers, peace be still. This advice was never changed. Wouldnt these events have kindled Youngs anger and led him to seek revenge? . So do some authors whove written about the Mountain Meadows Massacre. Hell on Wheels is fiction based on history. A guard tower at the Utah State Prison on Sept, 14, 2020. ''There are very candid statements on the part of participants to a church official under the agreement of confidentiality,'' Mr. Turley said, adding that the file, along with other sources he and his co-authors were using, would be made public once their book was published. "John D. Lee Arrested". He bravely faced his father today. [5] It is unclear whether Young held this view because of a possible belief that this specific group posed a threat to colonists or that they were responsible for past crimes against Mormons. ''The emigrants fell victim to Brigham Young's decision to stage a violent incident that would demonstrate his power to control the Indians of the Great Basin and to stop travel on the most important overland roads.''. He was the President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death in 1877. From the early Nauvoo days, the Young brothers performed quartet-style for the Saints; the Prophet Joseph especially enjoyed hearing them sing. EastIdahoNews.com, LLC. Some settlers, the story goes, believed the pioneers had been involved in the murder of Parley Pratt, a popular Mormon apostle, in western Arkansas earlier that year. Susan Evans McCloud is author of more than 40 books: fiction, mystery, biography. He graduated from college in April, finished his internship this Summer, was so happy in having a girlfriend (and her family) that he truly loved, had just aced an entrance exam for his Masters program the very last day that any of us had contact with him. "[20], When Young sent his report on the massacre to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs in 1858, he said that it was the work of Native Americans.[21]. There are two ways to interpret the evidence about who ordered the brutal murder of 120 men, women and children at a remote Utah oasis on the road to California on September 11, 1857. Young won the leadership and Strang was considered a heretic and excommunicated from the Mormon Church. But do we know what awaits us after this life? Aaron William Davis, 21, of Cumming, Georgia, died from multiple stab wounds, according to Floyd County Deputy Coroner Chris Giles. They were clubbed, stabbed or shot at point-blank range, then stripped and left to be scavenged by wolves and buzzards. For the desperately poor Mormon settlers in southern Utah, the Fancher party, with its hefty supply of cash, arms and hundreds of valuable horses and cattle, was simply irresistible. Stuart Taylor and his son Jacob join other spectators at the 139th annual Golden Spike Celebration in Promontory Summit, Utah, on Saturday, May 10, 2008, as the wood-fired . It makes me shudder. ''The evidence is unambiguous. 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