Why don't we treat all refugees as though they were Ukrainian? If the U.S. can orchestrate a historic airlift of Afghan refugees in the midst of a pandemic, we cannot use Covid as an excuse to turn away those seeking protection at our southern border. In practice, refugees and migrants apply for the same asylum, which has somewhat disrupted the easy management of these categories. Refugee Children in U.S. Schools: A Toolkit for Teachers and School Personnel (Grant No. The United States has been consumed with the mass evacuation and resettlement effort for vulnerable Afghans in the wake of the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan. Fortunately for the Ukrainians, Ukraines westward neighbors are working assiduously to register and take initial responsibility for this unprecedented flow, which is likely to add another 5 million refugees from Ukraine within a year from the Russian invasion, nearly five times as fast as the flow from Syria and North Africa. But we could see White people going through. A Nigerian student added, Theyre pushing us back just because were Black!Were all humanThey should not discriminate against us because of the colour of our skin. Racism against POC fleeing Ukraine exposes differential treatment even among refugees fleeing the same conflict, suggesting that European solidarity is skin-deep. Since anger and hostility toward refugees might be related to the perception of injustice as well, we need to address feelings of injustice related to the obligation of accepting refugees and foreigners. To answer this question, they conducted a second study using a sample of 289 female and 118 male students (average age of 32 years). D'AGATA: What I'd hoped to convey is that what's unique about the fighting underway here is that this country has not really seen the scale of war in recent years, unlike some LIMBONG: But it wasn't just CBS. All refugees deserve. A charity that helps refugees has said there is a big variation in how the UK helps people from different countries. These asylum-seekers should be welcomed just like Afghans are being welcomed. She and her daughters then found themselves on a bus back to Guatemala, the place where they had fled violence in the first place. the population growth among the working age has increased while unemployment has decreased. The arrival of Afghan refugees, including some whose status is not materially different from asylum-seekers, proves this. "But instead, it really is night and day if we talk about the programs for Afghanistan's refugees.". These two groups are treated very differently, however, due to the prevalent stereotypes that exist about them in society. For more information, see our full Privacy Policy. Moving forward, these new policies and attitudes towards people seeking refuge should be the norm . For example, a person who fears he might catch a deadly disease from refugees is reacting to a direct threat, but a person who fears negative changes in politics of the country, such as a significant increase in popular support for extremist right-wing and far-right parties, is reacting to an indirect or extended threat. In a survey of almost 20,000 Europeans across 15 countries in 2016, my IPL colleagues found a strong anti-Muslim bias. Approximately 18,000 Europeans from 15 countries were given profiles and asked whom they would grant asylum; the study found a consistent bias against Muslim asylum-seekers, who were 11 percentage points less likely to be accepted than otherwise similar Christians. Corroborating this anti-Muslim bias among Europeans, another experiment in France concluded that increasing numbers of Muslims in France resulted in increased xenophobia. They concluded that the six threat types explained the data better than one general threat factor or two factors (i.e. D'AGATA: What I'd hoped to convey is that what's unique about the fighting underway here is that this country has not really seen the scale of war in recent years, unlike some LIMBONG: But it wasn't just CBS. It took three. Americans see Afghan and Ukrainian refugees very differently. Does the Ukraine crisis reveal any other blind spots or systemic failures in migration policy and discourse? Kotada Al-Younes, a young Syrian journalist who has found exile in Sweden, told me that many Syrians in Sweden share this frustration with being confined and labelled as refugees: People want to keep their identity and their profession when they go abroad. The way we. Contrarily, due to racial, religious, cultural, and ethnic differences, Europeans feel less sympathy for other refugees. The European Parliament stresses in a report that even though Sweden offers low working restrictions for asylees, their labor market is inflexible and poorly adaptable to employees with different skills. The participants were initially asked how many refugees Germany could host per year and then asked what would happen if this number was exceeded. (Image credit: Michele Tantussi /Getty Images), as the largest humanitarian crisis Europe has seen since World War II, were more likely to reject Muslim applicants, Swiss voters denying citizenship to Muslim applicants, fearing and discriminating against increasing numbers of Muslims in their midst, only a small share of the migrants there expressed an interest in reaching Europe, urban Ukrainians tend to have higher skill levels than other middle-income countries, Stanford scholar explores the impact of racial stress on Black youth. Free visas to the EU. The consequences are devastating, as reports of violence and insecurity in their countries of origin, along transit routes and in Mexico abound. The way we talk about conflicts can impact those who are already most directly affected by war, refugees. This is because under Australia's excision regime (which was introduced in September 2001) asylum seekers who arrive at an 'excised offshore place' without a valid visa are barred from applying for a visa to remain in Australia unless the Minister personally intervenes to allow them to do so. The way the system is in place, most of the burden falls on groups like us, in terms of housing and transportation, says Chuevang Xiong, Director of Refugee Services at the International . Shooting, detaining, torturing, and executing protestors, Assad forcefully crushed pro-democracy protests during the Arab Spring. Does a Dog's Head Shape Predict How Smart It Is? PublishedFebruary 28, 2022 at 3:31 PM CST. Just last week, the U.S. expelled 86 Haitians who fled the recent earthquake and political unrest, and flew them back to Haiti under this policy. He has also done graduate work in clinical psychology and neuropsychology in U.S. Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. As such, refugees are generally asylum seekers who have been granted the right to asylum in another country (refugee status). They are unable to return home unless and until conditions in their native lands are safe for them again. While the two categories are treated differently by law, in practice they are both asylum seekers. CHARLIE D'AGATA: You know, this is a relatively civilized, relatively European - I have to choose those words carefully, too - city where you wouldn't expect that LIMBONG: The phrasing rankled enough people that he issued a clarifying apology a day later. Media coverage of the invasion is part of the reason. Several studies suggest the increase of an active work force will benefit the EUs GDP. U.S. intelligence agencies have assessed that. LIMBONG: Rana Khoury, a research associate at Princeton University focusing on conflict and displacement, says this language has impacts on global refugee policy. If there are too many refugees being housed in hotels, it's because the home office has been shown to be incapable of processing people quickly and letting them earn their own living. By giving all asylum seekers temporary work permits and cracking down on labor discrimination, member states with surplus capacity could gain a much-needed workforce and secure long-term influence in the region. Refugees and migrants arrive to Europe by the same road; they also face the same challenges in seeking asylum, labor, and housing, as well as integrating into their host communities. Laitin also offers insight into how European Union (EU) policy is supporting a surge of refugees that the United Nations has described as the largest humanitarian crisis Europe has seen since World War II. Similarly, as many EU members have already acknowledged, it is neither fair nor sustainable to let Mediterranean frontier states such as Greece and Italy, already crumpling under financial debt, host the bulk of the incoming asylum seekers. As they work out where to go next, it's not clear they'll find refuge in Europe. Anna is working with Michael Hanna and the rest of the foreign policy team as a member of the 2016 internship class on issues such as U.S. policy toward the Middle East and East Asia. Why? There are several interconnecting reasons behind this sudden change in the way European citizens and states are responding to refugees. MAHDIS KESHAVARZ: I always kind of think this imagery of, like, this pearl clutch of being just aghast that something can happen in your backyard, where things are happening in other people's backyards all the time. In a survey of almost 20,000 Europeans across 15 countries in 2016, my IPL colleagues found a strong anti-Muslim bias. While finding ways to address legitimate security and integration concerns, Europe could not only win skilled workers, but also hearts and minds of young people in the Middle East by accepting more asylum seekers from the region into their societies. The EU report challenges her statement by showing that, rather than signifying asylum seekers lack of desire to work, the slow inclusion of asylum seekers into the labor market is a result of poor implementation: Many employers in Sweden are simply not aware that asylum seekers are allowed to work. All refugees deserve protection, not just our allies. Esses, V. M., Hamilton, L. K., & Gaucher, D. (2017). With blanket news coverage of the dire situation in Ukraine, Europeans are observing the situation of Ukrainians through this humanitarian lens and thus express greater support for them. Witnessing how Palestinian refugees have become caught in a state of permanent displacement, many Syrians are careful to disassociate themselves from the refugee identity. Only a very small number of asylum seekers arrive in New Zealand each year - and fewer than half of them are successful in their claims for refugee status. LIMBONG: Rana Khoury, a research associate at Princeton University focusing on conflict and displacement, says this language has impacts on global refugee policy. infect themselves with deadly diseases to gain protection as HIV-positive patients. HERIKA MARTINEZ/AFP/Getty Images. Tens of thousands of people have already crossed into. . Social Issues and Policy Review, 11, 78-123. Andrew Limbong is a reporter for NPR's Arts Desk, where he does pieces on anything remotely related to arts or culture, from streamers looking for mental health on Twitch to Britney Spears' fight over her conservatorship. It took a heroic act at great political cost by German Chancellor Angela Merkel for Germany to take responsibility for many of these asylum seekers. Job insecurity, poverty, and hunger can leave people with no other choice but to risk everything on a boat across the Mediterranean. Saif Khalid of Al Jazeera attributes this disparate language to primarily white media outlets that [lack] diversity and perspective and enforce racial stereotypes. In contrast, a refugee arriving in America, after receiving a grant of $900 from the government, often has to rely on private aid organizations. Furthermore, immigrants pose an identity threat, especially if they have a different cultural identity, religious identity, and value system than members of the host community. Perceptions of threat, according to previous research, are one of the most important predictors of attitudes and prejudice toward immigrants and other outgroups(p. 82).2. In addition, we should remember foreigners culture will change, particularly with intergroup contactjust as cultures of European immigrants to America have changed, as history shows. Many Central and Eastern Europeans are empathising with. This clear binary extends to Zelensky and Putin. Ibrahim. Migrants, on the other hand, live without legal protection and can be deported at any time. Work permits are a contested issue in the EU, since many native workers fear that the new labor force will steal jobs from them. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC. Contrarily, due to racial, religious, cultural, and ethnic differences, Europeans feel less sympathy for other refugees. Statistics show that asylum centers tend to isolate residents and restrict their access to the labor market. To receive Stanford news daily, PostedFebruary 21, 2020 You know, looking and seeing why African migrants aren't allowed to cross into Hungary is just as valid as just asking why Ukrainians are. The world is currently experiencing the largest refugee crisis since World War II. The reasons for this difference. As Al-Younes noted, who wants to hire an asylum seeker still at risk of deportation, since their application hasnt been accepted yet? It especially from Asia and Africa, to understand that Lebanon has a racism problem that goes beyond the discrimination of refugees. deported back to their home countries, where they are at great risk of torture or prosecution. The injunction also only applies to families, so single adults can continue to be removed. Full coverage at CTVNews.ca/Ukraine. Masses of refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Somalia, Yemen, and elsewhere have faced racially motivated hostility in. Stanford University. U.S. authorities are dedicating extra resources to pick up the rate of flights in order to remove them more quickly, saying six to eight flights a day will depart starting Tuesday. Arriving from the Middle East and Africa, non-Ukranian refugees are often otherized. For example, Orbn seeks to establish a Christian democracy in Hungary, and he has stated that Christian and Muslim society will never unite. This potent anti-Muslim, Christian supremacy rhetoric explains why Hungary welcomes Christian Ukrainians and rejects Muslim refugees from Africa and the Middle East. The Dublin Convention has been divisive and especially difficult for Italy and Greece, which have struggled to accommodate migrants arriving by sea. Other EU countries are now considering taking similar steps. The EU had to support Ukrainewhich included a commitment to aiding Ukrainian refugeesor risk international condemnation; in contrast, it is more politically risky for the EU to commit to one side of the Syrian civil war (a perceived choice between a tyrannical government or jihadists). For example, Ukrainians and Poles are fast-tracked across the border near Medyka, Poland, while everyone else must wait 14 to 50 hours to cross. A new report released by The Guardian shows the recent massive migration inflow to Germany has had a positive impact on the GDP, as the population growth among the working age has increased while unemployment has decreased. With the recent mass shooting in Germany, some people are again asking why anybody would hate refugees and aliens (i.e. During the 2015 refugee "crisis," the EU called for detaining arriving refugees for up to 18 months. Chief among these is the so-called " jewelry law " - a measure which allows the government to seize asylum seekers' assets, including their jewelry, to fund their stay in the country. Media outlets therefore play a decisive role in how Europeans view asylum seekers. The Ukraine crisis may serve as a reminder that migration policy should be based on more careful collection of data. We want to hear what you THINK. Eastern Europe is treating Ukrainians better than Syrians and Afghansbut giving people the means to resist is the only way to prevent future crises. In the past year, a record-high 65 million people have been displaced worldwide, including more than one million people who crossed borders into the European Union while thousands more died on the way. While we do not know the specific educational and skill profile of the now over 3 million Ukrainians who have fled, urban Ukrainians tend to have higher skill levels than other middle-income countries. Diplomas and qualifications have to be recognized by the national labor system, which depending on the level of education can take years. RANA KHOURY: We certainly do see it play out in terms of the politics of refugee reception in the idea of whose burden should it be to take refugees who are from the global South, the Middle East, Africa, versus, you know, who is welcome and who can be brought in here. The EUs response to the refugee crisis also shapes its posture towards Russia and reignites Cold War concerns about Russian aggression, for Eastern Europeans acknowledge the potential for Putin to invade their nations as well. Famously declaring The fight is here. More than half - nearly 548,000 - have fled to Poland which shares a 500km border with Ukraine. Public policy in the EU and discussions of Dublin Convention reform have been marred by misunderstandings. But several EU countries have implemented labor restrictive measures to avoid this. Rather than bringing people to safety via transit centers and, ultimately, to countries including the United States, these flights are sending vulnerable migrants and asylum-seekers back to danger returning them to the very places theyre fleeing. Examining these six threat types, researchers tried to determine if only one or two of them might explain hostility toward refugees just as well or even better than all six factors combined. How do you anticipate Ukrainians experience will unfold compared to that of asylees from Syria or North Africa? In addition, they pose a health threat because some refugees come from. In The Telegraph, Daniel Hannan wrote an article about Ukraine that led, they seem so like us. (AP Photo/Bernat Armangue) Reporters have documented dehumanizing treatment against international students from Africa, South Asia and the Middle East in Ukraine. That's why we want you to know that, when you visit our website, we use technologies like cookies to collect anonymized data so that we can better understand and serve our audience. 2016. While not able to help everyone, the U.S. ensured that more than 123,000 people were safely flown out of Afghanistan and has already accepted 64,000 evacuees. First, the rules of the EUs Dublin Convention will not pose the same burdens. Syrians rejection of the refugee category reflects the widespread association in the Middle East of refugees with Palestinians, who have for decades lived in UN-assisted camps in the region. | king5.com. Rather than bringing people to safety via transit centers and, ultimately, to countries including the United States, these flights are sending vulnerable migrants and asylum-seekers back to danger. The UNHCR has warned that the conflation of refugees and migrants has politicized humanitarian work, but the distinction was political at the onset, as it prioritizes victims of physical violence over victims of structural and economic violence. We need to demystify refugees cultural practices so they appear less threatening. The U.S. has an opportunity to build off of its strong response to the Ukrainian refugee crisis. It is not enough for them simply to stay alive. But they may be misguided to see migration from Africa as their foremost challenge. Both direct and indirect threats were related to unfavorable attitudes toward refugees, so there may be a bidirectional relationship between peoples attitudes and their perception of threat: The perception of threat gives rise to negative attitudes toward outsiders, and negative attitudes also cause greater threat perception. Germany, for example, has suffered fromzero population growth for years and is in acute need of young, able-bodied workers to feed its massive industrial economy. Please submit a letter to the editor. He's also covered the near collapse of the live music industry during the coronavirus pandemic. The U.S. government has committed to resettle tens of thousands of Afghan and Ukrainian refugees. Turkey, a crucial political ally in the region already overburdened with hosting almost three million Syrian refugees and managing a failing security sector, is not well-fit to host additional people.Sundays incidentwhen Turkish security guards shot and killed eleven Syrian refugees attempting to cross the Syria-Turkey borderis only the latest stark example of Turkeys inability to protect incoming migrants. That's less likely to be true for people who decide to leave in the coming weeks, said Steve. A third study, a replication of the second study, included a sample of 23 male and 108 female students (average age of 33 years) and concluded that, aside from the prejudice threat, every threat type was associated with unfavorable attitudes toward migrants. The decision that wealthy northern European countries such as Denmark and the UK made last fall, when they dismissed the EUs call for sharing the responsibility by refusing to receive any of the 120,000 asylum seekers relocated from the south, revealed their humanitarian priorities. As they began to land, she was shocked to learn from the pilot that their destination was instead Mexico. The Biden administration must immediately halt flights carrying asylum-seekers back to Mexico and Haiti and fully rescind Title 42 so that everyone seeking protection can petition for safety. Since the media expose Europeans more to the conflict in Ukraine, they are more aware of the atrocities and trauma necessitating Ukrainians flight to nearby countries; therefore, refugees need for asylum seems more legitimate. She previously worked as a Middle East Fellow at the Independent Diplomat Advisory Group and as an adviser at the Permanent Mission of Afghanistan to the UN. The International Monetary Fund has also urged the EU to lift labor restrictions on refugees and migrants, and reward employers for providing them employment. Reviewed by Ekua Hagan. The Century Foundation LIMBONG: Keshavarz points to Poland accepting Ukrainian refugees when not that long ago, the country was telling scores of Afghans, Syrians and Iraqis, no, the country's full. 1. Given its magnitude, the Ukraine crisis may prompt leaders to consider policies that cast a wider lens, Laitin said. The European Commission is considering reforms that ensure fair sharing of responsibility, including ending the Dublin Convention, but progress has been slow. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. According to the U.N.'s 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is "someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion." In addition, they found that every threat typeeven altruistic threat (concerns about the host countrys ability to care for refugees)was linked with negative views of immigration and refugees. Editor's note: Last year, thousands of asylum seekers and migrants from the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia found themselves used as pawns in a political showdown between Belarus and the EU: stuck in a dense forest along the Polish-Belarusian border and pushed back and forth by security services as temperatures plummeted below zero. Watch on. There were 89.3 millionpeople forcibly displaced world-wide at the end of 2021. Religion is a key factor influencing attitudes toward refugees. The Refugee Act is a federal immigration law that was adopted in 1980. As of March 4, Canada has only resettled 8,580 of . Its an undertaking thats demonstrated the ability of the U.S. government to bring tens of thousands of refugees to safety in America and marshal local resources to help them resettle in their new home. Over the past decade, mostly in collaboration with his Stanford colleague James Fearon, Laitin has published several papers on ethnicity, ethnic cooperation, the sources of civil war and policies that work to settle civil wars. foreigners). The act allowed approximately 190,000 refugees, escapees, and expellees to arrive in the United States before the legislation . The Ukraine refugee crisis revealed deep-seated racism as racialized and Black refugees from Ukraine were treated differently. 90 RB 0022). By welcoming Ukrainian refugees and imposing economic sanctions on Russia, the EU has demonstrated its support for Ukrainian sovereignty and opposition to Russian aggression without direct military intervention. Barbed political rhetoric both reflects and exacerbates these trends among Europeans. At least 660,000 people have fled Ukraine in the five days following the start of Russia's invasion, the United Nations refugee agency U.N.H.C.R. In other words, the choice presented to the Lebanese people by . But, as Katy Long argued in a policy brief for The Century Foundation, in the case of the United States, which accepted 69,900 refugees including a mere 2,192 Syrians last year, Western countries may be shooting themselves in the foot by outsourcing their migrant problem. In late August, my colleagues from Jesuit Refugee Service Mexico traveled to the Mexican border with Guatemala to accompany those expelled from the U.S. on one of these flights. She told us that she shared the name of a family member in California, and then boarded a plane, believing she would be safe and with her family in the U.S. soon. Khoury, the researcher, says race plays a part in all of this but also proximity and geopolitics, too. Many more Haitians trying to avoid this fate are being detained in Del Rio, Texas. Refugee agencies fear up to five million of Ukrainians could try to flee across the border as Russia's war intensifies and casualties mount. Work permits alone do not guarantee refugees employment, though. Syrian refugees desire to work speaks to a broader sentiment, shared by many asylum seekers, that employment matters more than protection. More so, their action was a case study in poor strategic thinking. KESHAVARZ: So as journalists, I think it's really critical that we look at that duality, and we question why that is. David Laitin discusses how the experience of Ukrainian refugees in Europe compares to those who have fled other conflicts and hardships. Arash Emamzadeh attended the University of British Columbia in Canada, where he studied genetics and psychology. Many cultures and religions have survived for hundreds and thousands of years partly because they are flexible enough to adapt and evolve. Palestinians, who have for decades lived in UN-assisted camps in the region. It is not enough for them simply to stay alive. Refugee implies involuntary exodus, while migrant refers more to voluntary movement; therefore, the use of the latter undermines non-Ukrainian refugees requests for asylum. The studys findings are published in the December 2019 issue of the European Journal of Social Psychology.1. Study 4 used a more representative sample, consisting of 111 women and 140 men (mean age of 50 years). They met a woman from Guatemala traveling with her two daughters. International law and practice addresses refugee and internal displacement emergencies differently. He's the host of NPR's Book of the Day podcast and a frequent host on Life Kit. Anna is from Denmark and can speak five languages. (2019). They also found that eligible voters favored refugees with higher employability. Snohomish County couple providing relief to Ukraine amid Russia conflict. The 2014-15 refugees had no such rights. Whether the threat is true or imagined, immigrants might be perceived as threatening in a number of ways. Border patrol agent seen holding whip during encounter with Haitian migrants, the Biden administration has been quietly engaged in another series of evacuation flights, more than 1 million migrants and asylum-seekers, Biden immigration hypocrisy on full display as he tells Haitians fleeing chaos not to come, The United Nations refugee agency has expressed concern, Thousands of Afghan refugees await new homes in U.S. airbases, has 14 days to implement the court ruling, arrive without visas as humanitarian parolees, more than 123,000 people were safely flown out of Afghanistan, received medical screenings and access to vaccinations. Albagir, a male refugee from Sudan, and one of his co-travelers struggle to cross into Poland. They have received medical screenings and access to vaccinations upon their arrival. Furthermore, according to Hanne Beirens, Migration Policy Institute think tank director, the prioritization of Ukrainian refugees restricts the resources available to other refugees, such as housing and language courses; this inequality creates a two-tiered system of refugee integration. Once granted refugee status in a host country, the state cant deport them. Why refugees from Ukraine have been treated differently European countries haven't seen such a large number of displaced people in this short period of time in recent history. Racial, religious, cultural, and hunger can leave people with No other but... Is treating Ukrainians better than Syrians and Afghansbut giving people the means to resist is the only to! The Ukraine refugee crisis, 78-123 choice but to risk everything on boat. Of asylees from Syria or North Africa that helps refugees has said there is a federal immigration law that adopted. 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