Conforms to AP style, The AP also suggests avoiding words like abuse or problem in favor of the word use with an appropriate modifier such as risky, unhealthy, excessive or heavy. Misuse also is acceptable. The institute states, It is common for people to have mixed dementia a combination of two or more types of dementia. Why is it often considered more PC to say "Hard of Hearing" instead? When referring to a drug test, state that the person tested positive for (drug)., NCDJ Recommendation: Addiction is an acceptable term, although some prefer substance abuse disorder. It is preferable to refer to someone who harmfully uses drugs as someone with a drug addiction rather than an addict. Use recovering or in recovery from to refer to someone trying to overcome an addiction; that is, someone recovering from a methamphetamine addiction.. Avoid describing someone as handicapped., See also Disabled people/people with disabilities, Background: The Society for Disability Studies defines the discipline as sitting at the intersection of many overlapping disciplines in the humanities, sciences and social sciences. The language around COVID-19 is evolving. A birth defect is a physical or biochemical difference that is present at birth. Medically assisted suicide is permitted in some states and countries. Background: Addiction is a treatable, chronic medical disease involving complex interactions among brain circuits, genetics, the environment, and an individuals life experiences. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask your sources what term they prefer. Many prefer to be described as autistic, while others prefer an autistic person or a person with autism.. This takes years of intensive practice and professional training., The Registry of Interpreters of the Deaf has a searchable database of registered interpreters, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, The Autism Self Advocacy Network details this debate, I Dont Have Autism, Im Autistic,, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Syracuse Universitys Disability Cultural Center, Little People of America has a statement on the M word., International Society for Augmentive and Alternative Communication, some people still strongly support the method, This particular use of the word dates to the middle of the 19th century. This is caused by the muscles that are used to create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability. Background: ADHD, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, is a relatively common neurodevelopmental diagnosis. For example, if I say that I am hearing-impaired, people may get the impression that Im incapable of something. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using deformed as an adjective to describe a person. Instead, state the nature of the disability or injury. Use treatment center in place of rehab or detox center. However, this term is not widely used. Psychotherapist: An umbrella term for mental health professionals trained to treat people for their health problems. Background: An intellectual disability involves significant limitations both in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving) and in adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills, according to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Background: Psychosis is a broad term used to describe symptoms of certain mental health problems that include delusions or hallucinations or other loss of contact with reality. But according to deafblind.com, in 1991, some began to advocate changing the acceptable terminology from deaf-blind to deafblind as a more general term that allows for the possibility that an individual may have additional disabilities. Do not say the person had a fit or had an epileptic fit.. AP style: Included in its Disabled/Handicapped entry, the stylebook describes blind as a person with complete loss of sight and suggests using the terms visually impaired or person with low vision for those who have some sight. Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal condition. MD is acceptable on second reference. Tetraplegia is used interchangeably with quadriplegia.. The average height of a dwarf is 40.. Additionally, a person who does not use speech may be able to hear. A nonverbal person would theoretically communicate with the help of a facilitator by typing on a keyboard, pointing to an image, or pointing to letters on an alphabet board. In general, there is no hyphen after inter, so interabled is the correct usage (not inter-abled). So why do some get offended by the term? For example, millions of Americans are hard of hearing but most do not use sign language and many do not use hearing aids. AP style: The style book suggests using the term survivor with care because it can be imprecise, among other reasons. The plural of dwarf is dwarfs.. WebHearing impairment is the inability of an individual to hear sounds adequately. Background: Muscular dystrophy could refer to any of more than 30 genetic conditions characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the muscles that control movement, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Post-traumatic stress disorder is correct on first reference; use PTSD on second reference. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. The Autism Self Advocacy Network details this debate. Historically it was called mongoloidism, and people with it were called Mongoloids; this is now considered offensive. Common usages include cancer survivor, burn survivor, brain injury survivor or stroke survivor. However, the terms are disliked by some because they imply that those who die simply did not fight hard enough. The appropriateness of the terms is disputed by those within and outside of the organization. When writing about it, specify that major disability organizations do not recognize facilitated communication as a valid communication technique. AP style: Schizophrenia is classified as a mental illness. Many people in the Deaf community and organizations, including the National Association of the Deaf, support the use of these terms. Avoid confined to a wheelchair or wheelchair-bound as these terms describe a person only in relationship to a piece of equipment. en abril 28, 2022 abril 28, 2022 moaning minnie synonym. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having dissociative identity disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. In common usage, psychotic often is used in the same way as the word crazy, and thus can be offensive and inaccurate. Opinions vary on how to refer to someone with autism. NCDJ Recommendation: Cretin is considered a slur to describe a person with intellectual disabilities. In some cases, the word typical can be used to describe a non-disabled condition, although be aware that some in the disability community object to its use. When possible, ask if a person or group uses identity-first language (deaf students) or person-first language (students who are deaf). A person enrolled in a treatment center should be referred to as a patient. People who use wheelchairs have widely different disabilities and varying abilities. If you are going to use it in a quote, consider that decision carefully, as the word is particularly charged. Originally called falling sickness in English, the word has roots in Greek and Latin. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to injuries as being sustained or received rather than suffered, as suffer implies that an injured person is a victim or somehow less than a person who has not been injured. This lack of diversity negatively affects Deaf and hard of hearing (DHOH) people of color, who are subjected to communication barriers when utilizing the services of an interpreter from different ethnic and racial backgrounds as themselves. Reactions for those with chemical sensitivities are triggered by low-level exposure to everyday substances and products, including pesticides, solvents, cleaning agents, new carpeting and adhesives, and fragrances and scented products. WebBackground: The terms hearing impaired and hearing impairment are sometimes used to describe people with hearing loss that ranges from partial to complete. While speech impediment and speech disorder are still widely used within the medical community, many consider the terms offensive because they describe the conditions in terms of a deficiency. Background: The Merck Manual ddefines vegetative state as the absence of responsiveness or consciousness in which patients show no awareness of their environment. Epilepsy manifests differently in individuals: The severity of epileptic seizures, their occurrence rates and the emergence of other health problems differ from person to person. Some people have a physical characteristic that is not a result of an amputation. Thats OK. You may end up using a derogatory term in a direct quote, but be certain that its fundamental to the story. Ableism comes in all forms, from overt prejudice to more subtle microaggressions. NCDJ Recommendation: The word stuttering is preferred over stammering. While people-first language is generally preferred (a person who stutters), some individuals may prefer stutterer. When possible, ask. For example, They found the election results depressing.. Background: Bipolar disorder is a mental illness believed to be caused by a combination of genetic factors and neurological functioning, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. The terms depressed, depressing and depressive are acceptable in other contexts when the person being referenced does not have a medically diagnosed condition. Be cautious when using the term abnormal behavior. Explain what it means in the context in which it is being used. When renowned scientist Stephen Hawking died in 2018, media accounts referred to him as finally free of the wheelchair he used for decades. Avoid using psychotic as an adjective to describe a person; instead refer to a person as having a psychotic condition or experiencing a psychosis. Avoid using the terms colloquially. They recommend color vision deficiency.. In addition to their cognitive component, many types of dementia include physical symptoms, such as the abnormal eye movements of Huntingtons disease or the tremors associated with Parkinsons disease. Legally blind is a broad term for various eye conditions but generally refers to someone whose visual acuity is 20/200 or less even with corrective glasses or contact lenses. Use the term dwarf only when applied to a medical diagnosis or in a quote. It is the most common neural tube defect in the U.S. The terms intellectually disabled, developmentally disabled, cognitive disability and intellectual disability are acceptable when used in a people-first context to describe someone with Down syndrome, such as the person has a developmental disability. However, it is more accurate to refer specifically to Down syndrome when that is the medically diagnosed condition. The AA program is focused on 12 steps to achieve sobriety. Personally, I'm not offended by this term at all. The following broad definitions are sourced from Psychology Today: NCDJ Recommendation: Ask professionals how they should be identified, based on their formal training. In the first case, we suggest the answer is no. The fact that someone uses a wheelchair does not make the airplane noise any more or less irritating. Background: Disability and disabled generally describe functional limitations that affect one or more of the major life activities, including walking, lifting, learning and breathing. Background: Hospitals that cared for people with various mental illnesses, often for long periods of time, were once commonly referred to as insane asylums. They have come to replace labels such as amputee or malformation, deformation or anomaly. Do not refer to an unsuccessful suicide attempt. Refer instead to an attempted suicide.. Mental illness is a prevalent invisible disability. Referring to someone as an epileptic is often considered offensive. Some are opposed to the use of AAC because of the belief that it will hinder language development. Background: There are a number of types of mental health professionals. AP style: The stylebook recommends using partial hearing loss or partially deaf for those who have some hearing loss. Uppercase when referring to the Deaf community and lowercase when referring to the condition. In an official position statement, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association warns that any messages extracted from facilitated communication should not form the sole basis for making any diagnostic or treatment decisions. Other organizations, including the American Psychological Association and the International Society for Augmentive and Alternative Communication also oppose facilitated communication. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having OCD only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having autistic spectrum disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and if you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. Refrain from using the term trigger warning in a flip or casual way. Background: According to the University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, learning disability describes a neurologically based condition that may manifest itself as difficulty learning and using skills in reading (called dyslexia), writing (dysgraphia), mathematics (dyscalculia) and other cognitive processes due to differences in how the brain processes information. And so we are no longer offering advice regarding a default. NCDJ Recommendation: When referring to a person with a chronic illness, only refer to the condition if it is pertinent to the story you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. Background: Some use the term survivor to affirm their recovery from or conquest of an adverse health condition. Amy Silverman, NCDJ advisory board member. Background: According to the National Human Genome Research Institute, a genetic disorder is caused in whole or in part by a change in the DNA sequence away from the normal sequence. The Autistic Self Advocacy Network recommends not referring to Aspergers at all but to instead refer to autism or autism spectrum disorder. Use a person with dementia or a person with dementia rather than demented or senile. When possible, reference the specific disease, such as someone with Huntingtons disease. When referencing Huntingtons disease or Parkinsons disease, use the full term rather than shortening to Huntingtons or Parkinsons.. NCDJ Recommendation: Deaf or hard of hearing are the preferred terms. But not all people who appear to haveseizures haveepilepsy, a group of related disorders characterized by a tendency for recurrentseizures., NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having epilepsy only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. See Autism In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association folded Aspergers syndrome into one umbrella diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. It calls for use of a lower case d in all usages. It helps people who want to read and understand information quickly. There is debate about when someone with a chronic illness is considered to have a disability. Its acceptable to use the word said in subsequent references. Additional material: I Dont Have Autism, Im Autistic, Lenny Letter. Refer to a disability only when its relevant to the story and, when possible, confirm the diagnosis with a reputable source, such as a medical professional or other licensed professional. According to Psychology Today, it is a rare condition that may be associated with other disorders, such as schizophrenia. But what is relevant is not always clear. It does not address the use of autistic as an adjective. Background: The term special needs was popularized in the U.S. in the early 20th century during a push for special needs education to serve people with all kinds of disabilities. This condition happens when a childs brain cant coordinate the muscles that enable speech. Background: Some disability advocates are beginning to shift away from the word nonverbal in favor of nonspeaking, arguing that nonverbal implies that someone doesnt understand language, while nonspeaking does not invite the same judgment. Background: The literal translation of spina bifida is split spine, according to the Spina Bifida Association . WebDeafness is defined as "a hearing impairment that is so severe that the child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification." I am Hard of Hearing (HoH), AP style: The stylebook allows the use of vegetative state, describing it as a condition in which the eyes are open and can move, and the patient has periods of sleep and periods of wakefulness, but remains unconscious, unaware of self or others.. WebFeeling Tired or Stressed. However, academics eventually found there was little scientific evidence that the technique worked, leading many to conclude the aide was actually the one communicating, according to a study from Emory University. It is important to understand that many people do not consider being deaf or having hearing loss as a disability. It is best to ask people which term they prefer to describe them. Ask individuals how they prefer to be described. WebApraxia. Ask your sources how they want to be described. Some prefer being called dyslexic, others prefer people-first language, as in a person with dyslexia.. While these often are technological in nature, such as speech-generating devices, interactive touch screens or amplifiers to boost volume, they also may include drawing, gesturing, signing, finger spelling or picture books, among others. Such events may include assault, war, sexual assault, natural disasters, car accidents or imprisonment. The term special education is still widely used when referring to public school programs, although some government entities use titles like exceptional student services.. (The proper terminology in the United Kingdom is Downs syndrome). It is frequently used in such references as injuries suffered in a car accident.. As youll see below, high functioning and low functioning are considered offensive. Many illnesses, such as diabetes or multiple sclerosis, are life-long conditions. Various laws define disability differently. Background: This term is used to describe someone who does not identify as having a disability. A seizure that lasts longer than five minutes is a medical emergency. NCDJ Recommendation: Use person with a brain injury or person with a traumatic brain injury rather than brain damaged, which is considered derogatory. Avoid using defect or defective when describing a disability because the terms imply that the person is somehow incomplete or sub-par. AA is a fellowship of men and women who share their experience, strength and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem and help others to recover from alcoholism, according to the groups preamble. In the case of a leg injury, explain instead that an injury resulted in difficulty walking. These same considerations apply when covering other 12-step programs, such as Narcotics Anonymous or Gamblers Anonymous. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid terms like disorder or defect, which are considered derogatory. AP style: The style book states that congenital disorder is acceptable and recommends being specific about the condition. AP Style: The only reference relates to hyphenation. Avoid referring to the disabled in the same way that you would avoid referring to the Asians, the Jews or the African Americans. When describing individuals, do not reference disabilities unless it is clearly pertinent to the story. AP style: Not directly addressed, although the style book recommends avoiding using disability-related words lightly or in unrelated situations. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having depression only if the information is relevant to the story and you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. Triggers can be hard to predict, and they vary from individual to individual, but communicating the nature of your content builds audience trust. This condition happens when children slur their words Help them exercise regularly. The center also recommends using the word misuse in place of abuse when describing harmful drug usage. Background: Schizophrenia is a serious chronic mental illness characterized by distorted recognition and interpretations of reality, affecting how an individual thinks, feels and acts, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.Common symptoms include visual and auditory hallucinations, delusional and disordered thinking, unresponsiveness, and a lack of pleasure in daily life and other social issues. People with albinism also are sensitive to the effects of the sun and are at increased risk of developing skin cancer., According to the National Organization on Albinism and Hypopigmentation (NOAH), there is debate over whether albinism is a disability, but it is often referred to as one because of issues associated with vision. NCDJ Recommendation: Use augmentative and alternative communication on first reference, explaining what it means. WebMD explains the difference between epilepsy and seizures in this way: Seizures, abnormal movements or behavior due to unusual electrical activity in the brain, are a symptom ofepilepsy. Those with such disabilities often require lifelong or extended support. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having schizophrenia only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. AP style: Not specifically addressed, but the style book refers to mental health professional in an entry on mental illness. People with addiction use substances or engage in behaviors that become compulsive and often continue despite harmful consequences, according to the American Academy of Pain Medicine. Advocacy groups call it death with dignity or right-to-die, but AP does use those phrases on their own. According to the University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, Non-disabled is the preferred term when the context calls for a comparison between people with and without disabilities. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid referring to someone with a disability as sick or to their disability as a sickness. If a person is receiving medical treatment, then the word patient is appropriate; however, it should be avoided outside of a medical context. NCDJ Recommendation: When referring to a cochlear implant, avoid describing it as a corrective device or one that would restore a deaf person to mainstream society. Hearing is a prerequisite for the development of normal speech & language. 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