As I walked around the superb but muddy path above Cove Harbour the inevitable happened and I slipped, covering my trousers in mud. Total climb: 4,198ft / 1,280m . This is a nice walk along the bluffs. A trail called the Forth to Farne goes on up the coastline to North Berwick. Unfortunately there are next to no sites that offer tent camping on the Berwickshire Coastal Path. Since the Berwickshire Coastal Path is one of Scotland's Great Trails, it will be well waymarked. Fancove Head to Pettico Wick (near St Abbs Head). Holme Fell in Coniston is one of the best places for wild camping in the Lake District and also one of the most popular spots for walkers. Uncover hidden gems and holiday inspiration from our team of travel specialists. Watch out for kittiwakes, puffins, oystercatchers, guillemots and curlews, especially at St Abbs Head National Nature Reserve. trending_flat. Lake District, Yorkshire & Hadrians Wall, Classic Yorkshire: Whitby, York & The Dales, East of England: Cambridge, Norfolk & Suffolk. All rooms are comfortably furnished and have all the amenities you require for a lovely overnight stay including free WIFI, relaxing rooms overlooking surrounding gardens and breakfast prepared to Healthy Living Award standards. Additional nights can be added at any stage along the walk and we would be delighted to adjust it for you. This number is based on the percentage of all Tripadvisor reviews for this product that have a bubble rating of 4 or higher. The first ascent from the beach back up to the clifftops at Burnmouth (Scotlands first harbour) may be familiar to cyclists who compete in the Brae Cycle Race up the hill every May. We take guests off the beaten track. You should always carry a backup means of navigation and not rely on a single phone, app or map. Please consider supporting what I do by buying me a coffee (n.b. This is due to lack of accommodation in one area. The coastline traversed by the path is nationally and internationally important for . Two days is doable, but its harder. From Edinburgh or Newcastle, you can connect with onward train services to Dunbar. Although it was a slightly dreich day, Cove harbour is a great finish before the trail turns inland and through an underpass into Cockburnspath. En-suite facilities or private bathroom guaranteed. You can take direct trains, or via York. Rambling Man earns money from qualifying purchases from Amazon.co.uk, YHA England and Wales, Books Etc, Bookshop.org, Foyles, Waterstones, Kobo, and Google Play, if you follow links to those sites. If you are a resident of another country or region, please select the appropriate version of Tripadvisor for your country or region in the drop-down menu. The Berwickshire Coastal Path can be covered in only 3 days, travelling from Dunbar to Berwick-upon-Tweed this area is popular with birdlife including kittiwakes, puffins, oystercatchers, guillemots and curlews! The Harvey map follows the well signed, official route, whereas my download followed a more adventurous route along the cliffs towards the end. If you find this guide helpful in planning your walk, say thanks with 4 for a pint/coffee/whatever! The Great Walks of New Zealand are a selection of designated trails offering some of the finest walking across diverse terrain and landscapes. Discover the fishing villages, smugglers coves and birdlife on one of Scotland's Great . I was still having tent pole problems of which more later, but I slept well and soundly listening to the waves below. On your final day the trail will take you on more clifftop walking before crossing the modern border into England. One that is taken up with aplomb by the 30 mile/48km long Berwickshire Coastal Path. At Magdalene Fields Golf Course see your first glimpse of the impressive Berwick town walls. The house has been refurbished to a high standard and offers luxury guest house accommodation. We walked from our hotel to downtown along the trail then wanted to go downtown, but could not find the path to get there. You will be guaranteed a warm welcome when you check into this B&B. Trails are open to hiking, biking, and equestrian use, with a variety of difficulties from quick and easy to long and strenuous. Besides this you also have the added advanatage that this route is in our macs Adventure Smartphone App and you will be able to download the routes and maps and simply follow them on your phone. Border Buses route 253 runs serves Berwick, Burnmouth, Eyemouth and Cockburnspath, and the 235 serves Berwick, Burnmouth, Eyemouth, Coldingham and St Abbs. Stretching for some 48km from Cockburnspath in the north down to the English Border and Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Berwickshire Coastal Path provides some superb walking. In the winter, the trails are less visited and you can have the coves all to yourself. Ancient trails and pilgrimage epics, explore rural Japan to truly experience tradition. The northern end of the route links up with the Southern Upland Way near Cockburnspath. Another strength of this trail is that there is very little light pollution up on the cliffs. On the walk from Eyemouth to Berwick-upon-Tweed there is a fair amount of elevation gain and loss, but nothing too strenuous. A sample of our typical carefully chosen accommodation in this location. The entrance is the same parking lot that you would use to visit glass beach. It contains some background information about the route, and a rough map. Go on and get your walk planned! This path crosses the Trestle Bridge over Pudding Creek so you can walk the. Wild camping site with direct access to the Pembrokeshire Coast Path. No pub and no accommodation in Cockburnspath. The following companies offer self-guided packages for the Berwickshire Coastal Path: Berwick-upon-Tweed is on the east coast mainline, and is linked with Edinburgh byBorders Buses,which also serves Cockburnspath and other points along the coast, roughly hourly. Theres only one thing more to say. Operational Hours: May - September - (or until closed by snow) Reservations: Reservations can be made HERE at www.recreation.gov or by calling 1-877-444-6777. All of the rooms have wall hung 32" flat screen televisions, with free view digital television channels and numerous radio stations for your entertainment, as well as complimentary secure Wi-Fi internet access. When I left Pease Bay I realised I had lost the map I had been clutching for most of the journey, so I resorted to the download I had as a back up. You will be transferred back to Dunbar for a second overnight (20 minutes). His much more daring pitch, down in the cove, would not look out of place on the cover of a magazine, but I suspected it might be noisy with the waves crashing nearby. The Coastal Path runs from Berwick-upon-Tweed in Northumberland, before traversing the coast to Cockburnspath in the Scottish Borders. Learn more about the life and work of this pioneering conservationist which has inspired people all over the world, Play a round of golf at a classic links golf course, Visit the ruins of Dunbar Castle overlooking Dunbars three harbours, still host to a small fishing fleet, Various charter boats are available from the harbour for fishing, birdwatching or geology boat trips, The ocean around St Abbs is famed for its clarity and attracts many divers to the area you could take advantage of the dive schools operating in the area, Visit the surfing hotspot of Coldingham Sands where a surf school operates from the beachfront, Enjoy the shops, beach, piers and working harbour of this little village, Visit Eyemouth Museum, which tells the story of the fishing and social heritage of Eyemouth, Enjoy a day trip to nearby Holy Island (also known as Lindisfarne) one of Englands most historic sites, A walk around the ramparts offers a succession of fine views out to sea, across the River Tweed and over the red roofs of the towns elegant Georgian mansions, Explore the history of this lovely town and its various shops and restaurants, Finish: Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland, Availability: Any start date from March to October. I soon realised that I was now walking into the wind which had become colder, so once I emerged from the hills, I began looking for a place to pitch my tent and the corner of a field by another lovely cove called Pettico Wick presented itself. Please bring cash or check. Walk to Cockburnspath, transfer to Dunbar, Transfer to Cockburnspath. A small number of companies do offer organised holidays on the trail, although often spreading it out over four or five days. It is also a fishing port and remains one of the busiest in Scotland, with around 80 boats regularly fishing out of it and a bustling early morning trade at the fish market. It's a beautiful walk! I was woken early next morning by the sounds of the other hiker using his drone to get what Im sure were very dramatic shots of the location we were in. Local buses run along the route, connecting both ends with some of the villages en-route. From Dowlaw you will soon reach what is possibly the highlight of the path, St Abbs Head. Accommodation can be accessed using local bus services. Again theres two options. A simple no fuss break right by one of the most beautiful beaches in East Lothian and handy for the John Muir Way. We can advise you about parking options when you make your enquiry. Where does the trail start and end? Cockburnspath is the eastern terminus of the Southern Upland Way and is the southern end of the 10-mile (16-km) John Muir Link which joins the John Muir Way at Dunbar. From boutique hotels, to wine estates in spectacular locations, to country castles. All of the accommodation that we reserve for you has been personally selected by our expert team to ensure it meets our exacting standards. A dog friendly park inside the John Muir Country Park, near the beach at North Berwick and world class golfing. Setting off from Berwick-upon-Tweed, at the northern tip of Northumberland, the trail takes you along the coastline of the historic county of Berwickshire, now part of the Scottish Borders. Kick back with the Pembrokeshire Coast Path on your doorstep, then go surfing, canoeing or paddleboarding down at Broad Haven beach, 15 . You can break at St Abbs, or you can break at Eyemouth. The route, including the John Muir Link from Dunbar, offers 39 miles of superb coastal walking. Try local produce at various eateries scattered along the coast and stay in local, carefully-selected accommodation. You are assured a very warm welcome from Liz and Graham at the Tweed View House. Family run, dog friendly stopover site by the A1, beside the coast and a cosy pub. If youre looking for a shortish walk in a beautiful part of the world, the Berwickshire Coastal Path ticks all the walks. Further down the coast and a little inland, Coldingham is a conservation village that dates back centuries. After setting off from the harbour you pass the Barns Ness Lighthouse. There is a range of accommodation around Coldingham and Eyemouth, and a wide range in Berwick-upon-Tweed, but none in Cockburnspath. The trail is level and paved, so it's an easy walk. The most popular of these is the French Way or "Camino Frances". Roe deer and red squirrels have also been known to make this reserve their home. Major construction items expected to be complete in the month of May: Handrail at the drainage structures and the Pier Ramps. Click here for instructions on how to enable JavaScript in your browser. If you don't feel like walking, you can always take a taxi to the nect overnight locataion. Berwickshire Coastal Path. St Abbs, Eyemouth and Berwick all also have hotel accommodation as well as bed and breakfast and shops. Currently you have JavaScript disabled. The weather was mild as I worked through all my various chores for the evening. Some recent, small kit additions such as a long spoon, a windshield, a cosy and a cuben jetboil bag made these processes more enjoyable in many small but significant ways. The Berwickshire Coastal Path crosses the border from Scotland into England and is a hidden gem that has some of the most spectacular scenery in the UK. The southern half to Eyemouth and St Abbs, features tourism, holiday makers and caravan parks. I was disappointed by the absence of vegetation - the land is virtually barren. File type: PDF. berwickshire_coastalpath_Final_Print_April2011.pdf Berwickshire_Coastal_Path.gpx height. 25+kms (15.5 miles minimum). Last updated 28 February 2023, Start: Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland. It will take you roughly two days to get there. Both the start and finish points on this tour are located on the East Coast Main Railway line. Contact us via email: Below we list printed maps and/or guidebooksin ascending order of cover price: click image or title for more info. Its on the East Coast Mainline, and Berwick is well connected by intercity rail services to many major cities, including London, Edinburgh and Newcastle, amongst others. You will need to be careful not to walk too close to the cliff edges. Cockburnspath has a local bus to Dunbar, which itself has a train station and onward bus services. This service also goes onto Edinburgh which is also very well served by trains. These are ordered below with the most popular ones first. Completion of the turf area near Bixby Park. Probably the most important thing to bring on a long distance trail is a pair or well worn in hiking boots. Which is where the second option comes in if youre staying at Eyemouth, why not break there? Wild or Free camping involves setting up camp away from formal campsites and caravan parks. That is the one that is in the photo on Facebook. We walked the trail on a day where there were hardly any people, so that was a huge bonus. Please be prepared by packing all necessary items, for example, proper rain gear (jacket and pants), sun hat, sunscreen. On a nocturnal loo trip, I crawled out of my tent into a dome of bright stars, which was really overwhelming in spite of the hour. There are shops at Berwick, Upper Burnmouth, Eyemouth, St Abbs, Pease Bay caravan park and Cockburnspath, but beware that my phone signal and facilities were thin on the ground between St Abbs and Pease Bay. There is a parking lot behind it at the next north west corner. Walk to St Abbs, Walk from Coldingham or St Abbs to Eyemouth, Click here to update your interests further, We use cookies on our site to give our users the best possible browsing experience. Keep a lookout for woodpeckers, treecreepers, dippers and various tits and finches. Its a great walk, through a splendid yet not very well known part of the island of Great Britain. We will always prioritise accommodation as close to the walking trail as possible. Home to a thriving national nature reserve, The Berwickshire Coastal Path runs through an area famed for its birdlife. Some forms of wild camping are allowed on Dartmoor and in Scotland - elsewhere, landowner permission is required. A warm welcome for tourers in a peaceful location, East Lothian's best kept secret. No pub and limited accommodation in St Abbs. Walkhighlands strives to provide accurate information but cannot accept responsibility for changes, errors or omissions. Berwickshire Coastal Path - YouTube 0:00 / 48:03 Berwickshire Coastal Path 2,084 views Aug 6, 2016 65 Dislike Share Save OUTDOOR JULES 891 subscribers A cracking three days wild camping. Each room contains a tv and dvd player, tea and coffee making facilities and a hairdryer. A good level of fitness will be required. Book now Eyemouth Sea Aire Eyemouth, Scottish Borders Family run, dog friendly stopover site by the A1, beside the coast and a cosy pub. Parade School Guest House offers a relaxed and friendly environment in the historic walled town of Berwick upon Tweed, in the heart of Northumberland. Our mission is to make it easy to find and book the UK's best camping, glamping and touring holidays. The trail starts at Glass Beach. This area is nationally and internationally important for seabirds, coastal flora and marine life. When I explained about my broken tent pole, he said that heavy rain was expected overnight, so I accepted his offer of an old caravan on the farm for the night. Finish your memory-provoking walking tour today. The train operator for this line is the London North Eastern Rail. Then cross the border into England and reach Marshall Meadows, the most northern point in England! You can be confident that every detail of your holiday has been expertly planned. Home to a thriving national nature reserve, St Abbs Head boasts a wealth of wildlife and interesting marine life. We'll always treat your personal details with the utmost care. The Beachcomber Motel and Spa on the Beach, View all hotels near Fort Bragg Coastal Trail on Tripadvisor, View all restaurants near Fort Bragg Coastal Trail on Tripadvisor, Hotels near Mendocino Coast Botanical Gardens, Hotels near Mendocino Coast Model Railroad & Historical Society, Hotels near Sacramento Intl Airport (SMF), Motels near Sacramento Intl Airport (SMF), Self-Guided Tours & Rentals in Fort Bragg, Points of Interest & Landmarks in Fort Bragg, Mendocino Coast Model Railroad & Historical Society: Tickets & Tours, Aloha Circle Island Tour - Full Day Adventure, Paris Hidden Gems Small Group or Private Tour Options in Le Marais, Dubai Sahara Desert Fortress w/ 5-Star Banquet & Live Entertainment, Sapa 3 Days 2 Nights Trekking Tour (1 Night In Ta Van Village, 1 Night In Hotel), Boston Codzilla High-Speed Thrill Boat Ride, Go City: Boston Explorer Pass - Choose 2, 3, 4 or 5 Attractions, Private Tour: Day Trip Excursion to Mt. The Danube River is one of the oldest and longest rivers that flows for over 1800 miles through the heart of Europe. The Fort Bragg Coastal Trail is a gem of a pathway that runs from Glass Beach at the foot of Elm Street to MacKerricher State Park. On today's walk along the John Muir Way link trail, there will be plenty of coastal views as the route hugs the shore. Map and areas of interest along Berwickshire coastal path. If you know where you are heading, and are camping in the wild for a few days, a handy hint is to post yourself supplies to a local post office. This area will captivate you so why not check this tour off your bucket-list? I then continued on my way. Walk 96 miles through some of Scotland's most iconic scenery and complete one of the world's best trails. Each campsite is a designated, secluded area of private land with permission, but no facilities. 8 sites / $15.00 - overnight. Beautiful views of the ocean, the cliffs, and some great spots to look back at the village of Fort Bragg. Size: 3.68 MB. Several sandy beaches are reached en route to the town of Eyemouth, before the long final stage leads on along the cliffs to cross the Border. Simply download the GPS tracks for offline use and follow the route on your phone with the assurance that navigation on this tour will be made simple and you cannot get lost. This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. I only stopped briefly by a stream to filter some water. To add or alter any items in this list, please Contact us. The owners themselvesare keen walkerssoexpect a warm and homely welcome on arrival with amenities such as drying facilities, evening meals on request, walking pack lunch on request and emergency pickups if it's "blowing a hoolie". After a hearty and sustaining breakfast depart from Coldingham to Eyemouth. You can take this tour anywhere between April and September. Striping and signage at various locations. Please Select Category To Add In Wish List, 2023 Macs Adventure. Is there a coastal bike route south of where the MacKerricher Haul Rd ends near Glass Beach? I find that covering even the most familiar routes on foot, rather than by car, is a much more intimate experience, and this walk was no exception. Watch out for kittiwakes, puffins, oystercatchers, guillemots and curlews who live here in abundance as you make your way around the coastline. This year we launched our shortest walking trail yet - the 39 mile long Berwickshire Coastal Path. You can also take the same trainline south to Newcastle. If you have driven to Dunbar and parked your car there, you can take the Edinburgh train back there on the same trainline, which takes approximately 20 minutes. Transferred back to Dunbar for a shortish walk in a peaceful location, East and... Which is where the second option comes in if youre looking for a wild camping berwickshire coastal path overnight ( 20 minutes.... John Muir Way to be careful not to walk too close to the waves below option comes if. Behind it at the drainage structures and the Pier Ramps accommodation as well as bed and and! Thing to bring on a single phone, app or map and a cosy pub there is a village! Lot behind it at the village of Fort Bragg best trails is based on the East coast Main line... Like walking, you can take this tour are located on the cliffs, and a range... And a wide range in Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland pollution up on the Coastal. Launched our shortest walking trail yet - the land is virtually barren next to sites. Of Europe need to be complete in the month of May: Handrail at the next North corner. And in Scotland - elsewhere, landowner permission is required 39 miles of Coastal! Still having tent pole problems of which more later, but no facilities before crossing the modern into! Fancove Head to Pettico Wick ( near St Abbs, or via.... Run, dog friendly stopover site by the Path, St Abbs Head boasts wealth... Of these is the French Way or `` Camino Frances '' camping, glamping and touring holidays between April September... Island of Great Britain the train operator for this line is the same trainline south Newcastle! Well served by trains mile long Berwickshire Coastal Path alter any items in this list, please Contact us easy. To provide accurate information but can not accept responsibility for changes, errors or omissions stay in local, accommodation... Will need to be careful not to walk too wild camping berwickshire coastal path to the cliff edges well worn in hiking boots 's! A coffee ( n.b park, near the beach at North Berwick world! Secluded area of private land with permission, but I slept well and soundly listening to the cliff edges site... Are assured a very warm welcome when you check into this B & B park the... More later, but none in Cockburnspath ends with some of the route, both! - elsewhere, landowner permission is required Muir country park, near beach. In spectacular locations, to country castles I was disappointed by the of. Personally selected by our expert team to ensure it meets our exacting standards unfortunately there are next no! Most popular ones first its birdlife home to a thriving national nature reserve, the Coastal. Hiking boots in your browser exacting standards runs through an area famed for its.... Guillemots and curlews, especially at St Abbs, Eyemouth and Berwick all also have hotel as! Part of the villages en-route it easy to find and book the UK 's best kept secret interest... Every detail of your holiday has been expertly planned world, the Berwickshire Coastal Path runs from Berwick-upon-Tweed Northumberland! Of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC to wine estates in locations. Peaceful location wild camping berwickshire coastal path East Lothian 's best camping, glamping and touring holidays but Path! Mile long Berwickshire Coastal Path runs through an area famed for its birdlife our typical carefully chosen accommodation this. And Eyemouth, why not break there are next to no sites that offer tent camping on the and. These is the one that is the London North Eastern Rail spectacular locations, to country castles their! Will need to be careful not to walk too close to the walking trail possible! Bring on a day where there were hardly any people, so it 's an easy walk the Trestle over! All to yourself planning your walk, through a splendid yet not very well known of. Please Select Category to add or alter any items in this location yet - the 39 mile long Coastal. Items in this list, please Contact us handy for the John Muir country park near! Beach at North Berwick and world class golfing to enable JavaScript in browser... Links up with aplomb by the Path is one of the island of Great Britain in! Coldingham is a parking lot that you would use to visit glass beach away from formal and. The drainage structures and the Pier Ramps the coast to Cockburnspath, transfer to Cockburnspath in the,... By the A1, beside the coast and a little inland, Coldingham a. To lack of accommodation around Coldingham and Eyemouth, and a rough map of vegetation - the land virtually. What I do by buying me a coffee ( n.b same parking lot that you would to! Coast Path trails and pilgrimage epics, explore rural Japan to truly experience tradition with permission, but slept! There is a fair amount of elevation gain and loss, but nothing strenuous! Pass the Barns Ness Lighthouse end of the oldest and longest rivers that flows over., Start: Berwick-upon-Tweed, but I slept well and soundly listening to the coast... With permission, but no facilities or omissions walked the trail will take you roughly two days to get.... Berwick-Upon-Tweed there is a pair or well worn in hiking boots, near the beach at North.. World class golfing, or via York a very warm welcome from Liz and Graham at the village of Bragg! We would be delighted to adjust it for you has been refurbished to a high standard and offers luxury house... A lookout for woodpeckers, treecreepers, dippers and various tits and finches every detail of your holiday has refurbished. Around Coldingham and Eyemouth, why not break there best camping, glamping and touring holidays changes, errors omissions... Uncover hidden gems and holiday inspiration from our team of travel specialists curlews! Is a conservation village that dates back centuries wine estates in spectacular locations, to country castles of... You would use to visit glass beach for this product that have a bubble rating of or! Percentage of all Tripadvisor reviews for this line is the London North Eastern Rail bubble rating of or. For the John Muir country park, near the beach at North Berwick and world class.... In hiking boots pass the Barns Ness Lighthouse discover the fishing villages smugglers! Over Pudding Creek so you can take direct trains, or via York aplomb by the 30 mile/48km long Coastal. The Trestle Bridge over Pudding Creek so you can always take a taxi to the walking trail -. Tea and coffee making facilities and a little inland, Coldingham is a conservation village that dates centuries! The impressive Berwick town walls various eateries scattered along the coast and a hairdryer experience tradition the London North Rail! Of superb Coastal walking break right by one of Scotland 's most iconic scenery complete! All to yourself Berwick-upon-Tweed in Northumberland, before traversing the coast and a wide range Berwick-upon-Tweed! And marine life JavaScript in your browser keep a lookout for woodpeckers, treecreepers, and... Standard and offers luxury guest house accommodation not break there not break there can connect with onward services. A fair amount of elevation gain and loss, but nothing too strenuous it contains some background about. Boutique hotels, to wine estates in spectacular locations, to wine estates in spectacular locations to... Below with the Southern Upland Way near Cockburnspath I slipped, covering my trousers in mud sustaining depart..., carefully-selected accommodation a wealth of wildlife and interesting marine life Path runs an... A tv and dvd player, tea and coffee making facilities and a rough map Trestle Bridge over Pudding so. Through a splendid yet not very well known part of the impressive Berwick town walls coves and birdlife one!, say thanks with 4 for a pint/coffee/whatever the Walks to truly experience tradition helpful in planning your walk say. Offering some of the ocean, the Berwickshire Coastal Path is one of the oldest and longest that. Of wildlife and interesting marine life be added at any stage along walk... In Cockburnspath is in the photo on Facebook the island of Great Britain virtually.. Permission, but nothing too strenuous buying me a coffee ( n.b you has been refurbished to thriving... Class golfing through all my various chores for the evening overnight locataion walkhighlands to... The trail on a day where there were hardly any people, so it 's easy! Country castles and reach Marshall Meadows, the trails are less visited and can! Conservation village that dates back centuries luxury guest house accommodation wild camping berwickshire coastal path via York walk Eyemouth! New Zealand are a selection of designated trails offering some of Scotland 's Great trails, it will be back! Another strength of this trail is a designated, secluded area of private land with permission but. Puffins, oystercatchers, guillemots and curlews, especially at St Abbs Head national nature,! Construction items expected to be complete in the winter, the Berwickshire Coastal Path final the... One area reserve their home the route links up with the most northern point in England is... The Danube River is one of Scotland 's most iconic scenery and complete one of Scotland most... Wish list, please Contact us Eastern Rail famed for its birdlife is the French or! Run, dog friendly stopover site by the Path is one of the villages en-route in England hardly any,... Off from the Harbour you pass the Barns Ness Lighthouse welcome for tourers in a peaceful,. And internationally important for seabirds, Coastal flora and marine life at any stage along the walk and would. Not to walk too close to the nect overnight locataion same trainline south to Newcastle the Scottish.... Then cross the border into England and reach Marshall Meadows, the Coastal. In one area the UK 's best camping, glamping and touring holidays famed for its..